博碩士論文 996201026 詳細資訊




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姓名 陳嘉華(Ka-wa Chan)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 大氣物理研究所
論文名稱 探討土地利用型態對珠江口沿岸地區氣象模擬的影響:高污染事件日之個案分析
(A numerical study to understand the effects of high resolution land use data on meteorological simulation results near Pear Piver Delta: Application for a high ozone episode)
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摘要(中) 珠江三角洲(Pearl River Delta,PRD)位於華南沿岸,為中國大陸重要的經濟發展地區之一,現今已有超過五千萬的人口居住在此地區。近二十年來,由於經濟、工業與基礎建設的快速發展相當,因此當地的空氣品質與氣候的改變也倍受觀注。
許多學者的研究中指出,秋、冬兩季,在PRD地區經常發生高濃度的空氣污染物事件。澳門屬於珠三角沿海城市之一,位於珠江入海口西側,人口密度位居世界城市排名之首。
本研究使用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)中尺度氣象模式模擬2007年10月24日至26日期間高臭氧濃度事件日之氣象環境,並使用MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)2007年之土地利用型態資料,以更新及改善現有WRF氣象模式所提供之下邊界環境。
由觀測資料顯示,事件日期間綜觀系統相對較弱,風場有明顯的日變化。透過更新土地利用型態後,模擬結果之風場和溫度場在澳門地區均有明顯地改善。針對風場的分析結果顯示,珠江口有複雜的風場分佈特性,海風先於中午12點開始發展,並在午後開始增強,而珠江口東側之海風較西側強。東測主要為香港、深圳等地區,其都市分佈範圍較西側之澳門特區廣,因此珠江口附近之海灣風主要為吹向香港特區方向之西風,並隨著時間轉至西南風,夜間轉吹南至東南風。同時模擬期間之背景盛行風場為東北風,午後海風的進入導致風場在珠江口區域行成一低風速區。由後推軌跡與粒子排放的分析結果顯示,污染物有可能來自深圳、東莞等之大型工業區,並且伴隨的午後低風帶傳送至澳門與香港西側沿岸地區。
摘要(英) Pearl River Delta (PRD) is located in southern China near the coastline. It is one the most populated regions in China with more than 50 million people living in this area. Through the last two decades, PRD region has experienced the unprecedented land-use and land-cover changes as a result of rapid economic development and urban expansion. Its possible impact on regional air quality and climate change is a major concern of the national government as well as the global community.
In this study, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model is performed using the updated land use data for a high ozone event (October 24 to 26, 2007). In addition, the land use data is re-classified and updated using the 500-m resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products.
The simulation using the updated land use data improves the wind speed, temperature and wind direction. Analysis of the wind field simulation result demonstrated that the see-breeze flow direction is opposite to the prevailing wind (1300 to 1800 LST) that forms a stagnant wind condition near the Macao and Pearl River Estuary region. The sustained sunlight combined with stagnant wind condition favors the accumulation of the air pollutants. The trajectory analysis showed that the ozone concentration is transported from Shen-Zhen and Dong-Guan industrial area in the Guang-Dong province.
關鍵字(中) ★ 海陸風
★ 珠江三角洲
關鍵字(英) ★ Pear Piver Delta
★ Land-sea breeze
論文目次 摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
一、緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2文獻回顧 3
1-3研究動機與目的 6
二、天氣概況分析 7
2-1氣候背景 7
2-2個案選取 8
2-3綜觀天氣分析 8
三、研究方法 10
3-1模式簡介 10
3-1-1氣象模式 10
3-1-2 HYSPLIT模式 11
3-2氣象模式設定 11
3-3資料處理 13
3-3-1氣象與空氣污染物觀測資料 13
3-3-2土地利用型態資料 13
3-4實驗組設計 14
3-5風場計算方法 14
3-6資料統計方法 15
四、結果與分析 16
4-1模擬結果與觀測比較 16
4-1-1土地利用型態更新 16
4-1-2測站兩米溫度比較 16
4-1-3測站10米風速比較 18
4-1-4測站10米風向比較 19
4-1-5測站風場之日變化比較 20
4-2實驗組之間二維風場差異 21
4-2-1垂直解析度25層與35層之風場差異 21
4-2-2 USGS與M2007之風場差異 21
4-2-3 M2007與M2007C之風場差異 21
4-3風場分析 22
4-3-1風場日變化 22
4-3-2海陸風與海灣風分析 23
4-4溫度場分析 25
4-4-1溫度場日變化 25
4-4-2溫度場與海陸環流剖面分析 26
4-5澳門地區之風場分析 27
4-6 HYSPLIT Model分析污染物來源 27
4-6-1空氣污染物觀測 27
4-6-2後推軌跡分析 28
4-6-3前推軌跡分析 29
4-6-4粒子排放分析 29
五、結論與未來展望 30
5-1結論 30
5-2未來展望 32
參考文獻 33
附表 36
附圖 46
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指導教授 鄭芳怡(Fang-yi Cheng) 審核日期 2012-7-23
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