利用新竹超導重力儀分析地震對於台灣重力的影響

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：12

、訪客IP：3.143.4.181

姓名

賴奕修(Yi-xiu Lai) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

地球科學學系

論文名稱

利用新竹超導重力儀分析地震對於台灣重力的影響
(Using the Hsinchu Superconducting Gravimeter to analyze gravity change caused by earthquakes)

相關論文

★ 利用EOF方法討論2004年蘇門答臘地震海平面的變化	★ 分析46年間日長變化的小波頻譜以及彈性地球對長期海潮的反應
★ 從大地水準面及地形推估地面淹水狀況	★ Spatio-Temporal Variations of Sea-Level for ENSO: Intercomparison Study of Geodetic Satellite Data
★ 地球自轉變化現象探討	★ GRACE衛星重力測量和臺灣地表水循環的探討
★ 以測高衛星與重力衛星觀測南海水量的年際變化	★ 利用海洋測高衛星來觀測大地震所造成的大地水準面變化
★ GRACE的應用─以大地震及南極環流產生的重力變化為例	★ 地球物理資料分析在地震學與測地學的應用
★ Earthquake-induced Normal Modes of Free Oscillation of the Earth Observed in GNSS Networks

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

許多地震發生之後，都可以偵測到重力的改變，這是因為岩層受到應力作用而變形或破裂，使得地表地形及地下構造改變，這些現象都會造成地表重力值的永久性變化。透過精密的重力測量資料，我們可以了解地震對台灣的影響。本研究大致可分為兩個部分。第一部分，利用新竹市十八尖山超導重力儀 (Superconducting Gravimeter，簡稱SG)，所記錄到的實際重力觀測資料 (2006/4-2011/9)，去除各種環境引起的訊號，如：日、月引力產生的固體潮、海潮以及地下水位、氣壓、極移等因素，分析地震前後，因板塊或斷層位移所造成的重力變化。第二部分，使用台灣寬頻地震網 (Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology，簡稱BATS)，2006年4月至2011年9月，台灣本島附近，深度小於300公里，地震矩規模 (Mw)大於5的地震資料，配合Fu and Sun (2008)的彈性地球模型，計算各地震所產生的永久重力變化量。此模型可計算地下構造和地表受到地震影響而產生的重力變化。本研究最後比較儀器記錄數據與理論模型計算結果，發現兩者之間結果正負號相同但大小不同，主要原因可能是台灣的地質構造過於複雜，導致模型無法準確估計地震對台灣的影響。

摘要(英)

After earthquakes, we can detect the Gravity changes. This is because the rock will deform or brake by tectonic stresses, both them will cause permanent gravity change. Therefore, through the data of precision gravimeter, we can understand the influence of the earthquake on Taiwan. This research is divided into two parts. In the first part, we took gravity data (2006/4-2011/9) from Hsinchu superconducting gravimeter (SG) station, and removed those data we didn’t want such as solid earth tide, ocean tide, polar motion, atmospheric, continental water storage then we had got residual gravity data. Then we used the residual gravity data to compute permanent gravity changes caused by quakes. In the second part, we used earthquakes data which is start from 2006/4-2011/9, near Taiwan, depth around 0 to 300 km, moment magnitude (Mw) greater than 5 from the Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS). Than used Fu and Sun (2008) numerical earth model with earthquakes data from BATS, to compute permanent gravity changes caused by earthquakes.
Finally, we analyzed and compared SG data result with the model computing result. The result show that the sign of two results is the same but the value’s order is quite different. The main reason why maybe is the complicated tectonic in Taiwan. It cause the model could not compute the influence of the earthquake precisely. Complicated tectonic also influence the quality of SG data, although we could get clear signals by many data processes, we could not sure that it is meaning the gravity changed by the earthquake.

關鍵字(中)

★ 重力
★ 地震
★ 超導重力儀

關鍵字(英)

★ gravity
★ earthquake
★ superconducting gravimeter

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 文獻回顧 1
1-3 本文內容 3
第二章理論基礎 7
2-1 地球重力 7
2-2 影響地球重力的因素 7
2-3 重力測量 9
2-3-1 超導重力儀 (SG) 9
2-3-2 全球地體動力計畫 (Global Geodynamics Project) 10
2-4 斷層錯動理論 10
2-4-1 半無限空間模型理論 10
2.4.2球形模型理論 17
第三章資料以及處理流程 32
3-1 超導重力資料 32
3-2 超導重力資料修正方法 32
3-2-1 固體潮修正 32
3-2-2 海潮負載效應修正 33
3-2-3 大氣效應修正 33
3-2-4 極移修正 34
3-2-5 地下水位修正 34
3-3 去除同震地表晃動訊號 35
3-4 去除潮汐殘差及雜訊 35
3-4-1 相減法 35
3-4-2 Step function fit 36
3-5 BATS地震資料選取 36
3-6 震源參數轉換 37
3-7 3D模型計算同震重力變化 38
第四章結果與討論 52
4-1 重力資料結果 52
4-2 地震資料結果 53
4-3 綜合討論 53
第五章結論 58
參考文獻 59
附錄A 31個地震事件的SG重力變化資料分析結果 62

參考文獻

〔1〕Baker, T. F., and M. S. Bos ,“Validating Earth and ocean tide models using tidal gravity measurements”, Geophysical Journal International, 152, 468–485, 2003.
〔2〕Boy, J.P., and J. Hinderer,“Study of the seasonal gravity signal in superconducting gravimeter data”, Journal of Geodynamics, 41(1-3), 227-233,2006.
〔3〕Chao, B. F., and R. s. Gross ,“Changes in the Earth’s rotation and low-degree gravitational field induced by earthquakes”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 569-596,1987.
〔4〕Chao, B. F., and R. Eanes,“Global gravitational changes due to atmospheric mass redistribution”, Geophysical Journal International, 122, 755-764,1995.
〔5〕Chao, B. F., R. S. GrossD., and N. Dong, “Changes in the Earth’s rotational energy induced by earthquakes”, Geophysical Journal International, 122, 784-789,1995.
〔6〕Crossley, D., et al., “Network of Superconducting Gravimeters Benefits a Number of Disciplines”, EOS Trans, 80(11), 121-126, 1999.
〔7〕D. Dong, T. A. Herring, and R. W. King,“Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data”, Journal of Geodsy, 72, 200-214,1998.
〔8〕Dragert, H., T. S. James, and A. Lambert,“Ocean loading corrections for continuous GPS: A case study at the Canadian coastal site Holberg”, Geophysical Research Letters, 27(14), 2045-2048,2000.
〔9〕Fu, G., and W. Sun,“Surface coseismic gravity changes caused by dislocations in a 3-D heterogeneous earth”, Geophysical Journal International, 172(2), 479-503,2008.
〔10〕Goodkind, J. M.,“Continuous measurement of nontidal variations of gravity”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 91(B9), 9125,1986.
〔11〕Goodkind, J. M., and R. J. Warburton,“Superconductivity applied to gravimeter”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 708-711,1975.
〔12〕Heki, K., and K. Matsuo,“Coseismic gravity changes of the 2010 earthquake in central Chile from satellite gravimetry”, Geophysical Research Letters, 37(24), 2010.
〔13〕Hwang, C., R. Kao, C.-C. Cheng, J.-F. Huang, C.-W. Lee, and T. Sato ,“Results from parallel observations of superconducting and absolute gravimeters and GPS at the Hsinchu station of Global Geodynamics Project, Taiwan”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114(B7) ,2009.
〔14〕Imanishi, Y., T. Sato, T. Higashi, W. Sun, and S. Okubo ,“A network of superconducting gravimeters detects submicrogal coseismic gravity changes”, Science, 306(5695), 476-478,2004.
〔15〕Karato, S. i.,“Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography”, Geophysical Research Letters, 1623-1626,1993.
〔16〕Lo, C. L., and S. K. Hsu, “Earthquake-induced gravitational potential energy change in the active Taiwan orogenic belt”, Geophysical Journal International, 162(1), 169-176, 2005.
Lundgren, P.,“Source model for the 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna volcano”, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(7), 2003.
〔17〕Matsumoto, K., T. Takanezawa, and M. Ooe,“Ocean tide models developed by assimilating TOPEX/POSIDON altimeter data into hydrodynamical model A global model and a regional model around Japan”, Journal of Oceanography, 56, 567–581,2000.
〔18〕Meichior, P., and B. Ducarme,“Detection of inertial gravity oscillations in the Earth’s core with a superconducting gravimeter at Brussels’’, 42, 149-134, 1986.
〔19〕Okada, Y.,“Surface deformation to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America’’, 75, 1135-1154,1985.
〔20〕Okubo, S.,“Potential and gravity changes raised by point dislocations’’, Geophys. J. Int., 105, 573-586,1991.
〔21〕Okubo, S.,“ Potential and gravity changes due to shear and tensilefaults in a half-space’’, J. geophys. Res., 97, 7137-7144,1992.
〔22〕Prothero, W. A., and J. M. Goodkind ,“Earth-tide measurements with the superconducting gravimeter’’, Journal of Geophysical Research, 77(5), 926-937,1972.
〔23〕Sun, W., and S. Okubo, “Surface potential and gravity changes due to internal dislocations in a spherical earth-I. Theory for a point dislocation’’, Geophysical Journal International, 114, 569-592, 1993.
〔24〕Sun, W., and S. Okubo, “Surface potential and gravity changes due to internal dislocations in a spherical earth-II. Application to a finite fault’’, Geophysical Journal International, 132, 79-88,1998.
〔25〕Sun, W., and S. Okubo, “Effects of earth’s spherical curvature and radial heterogeneity in dislocation studies—for a point dislocation’’, Geophysical Research Letters, 29(12), 2002.
〔26〕Wang, K., “A revised dislocation model of interseismic deformation of the Cascadia subduction zone’’, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B1), 2003.
〔27〕Yu, S.B., H.Y. Chen, and L.C. Kuo , “Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area,’’ Tectonophysics, 274, 41-59, 1997.
〔28〕Yen, Y.T., and K.F. Ma , “Source-Scaling Relationship for M 4.6–8.9 Earthquakes, Specifically for Earthquakes in the Collision Zone of Taiwan’’, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 464–481,2011.
〔29〕孫文科，地震位錯理論，中國，2011。
〔30〕蘇洵頡，利用超導重力儀訊號偵測地震造成的永久性重力變化，國立交通大學，碩士論文，民國99年。

指導教授

趙丰(Benjamin Fong Chao)

審核日期

2013-7-25

推文