| 摘要(英) |
Goal setting play a very important role in learning that can assist the learner self-direction and self-regulation, and can increase the motivation, make great efforts and strengthen the learning behavior constantly. Applying goal setting very well can promote learners to go all out, and forcus on the goal, and then influence the one’s behavior. Therefore, goal-setting is often considered as a kind of teaching or learning strategy, apply to teacher’’s teaching and student’s learning, and promote learning motivation and increase learning performance.
Animal companions are one kind of learning companions especially designed for pupils. Animal companions have animal appearance and simulate pet characteristics. Children take care and interact with animal companions can cause one’’s high interest, and participate in learning activity. This research is based on animal companions system ( My-Pet-Our-Pet ), and futher, designed the upgrade mechanism of animal companions. By dividing the growth state of animal companions into different phased grades, with corresponding reached learning goal. When a student gets enough points of performance, animal companions will grow up and upgrade, and guide learner’’s pay efforts constantly, and self-control and adjusting oneself rightly.
For prove the effect of upgrade mechanism of animal companion, this research is studied among the one-to-one digital learning environment, and adopt one simple and easy problem solving in the mathematics subject. Teacher can set mathematics topic of classroom as the problem of the learning activity. In the process of problem solving, students’’ test performance ( performance ), and the progressive achievement ( improvement ) will be established for the terms of rising of My-Pet. It is the main factor influencing Our-Pet to rise that of the same generation to help each other ( peer helping ). The preliminary experimental result shows that upgrade mechanism was very popular to child of primary school and pay much attention to their learning performance and advancement. Peer helping have significant effect on some students, but the whole result might not as well expect. Because this part involves the factor of groups dividing and collaborative learning model which we adopted, and still await the further research discussion. |
| 參考文獻 |
Beck, A., and Katcher, A. (1996). Between pets and people. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.
Bloom, B. (1984). The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring, Educational Researcher,4-16.
Botterill, C. (1977). Goal-setting and performance on an endurance task. Paper presented at the conference of the Canadian Association of Sports Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Chan, T. W., & Chou, C. Y. (1995). Simulating a Learning Companion in Reciprocal Tutoring System. The Proceedings ofthe First International Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 49–56.
Chan, T.W. & Baskin, B. (1988). "Studying With the Prince" the Computer as A Learning Companion. Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring, ITS88, Montreal, Canada, 194-200.
Chan, T.W. & Chou, C.Y. (1997). Exploring the Design of Computer Supports for Reciprocal Tutoring. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 8, 1-29.
Chen, Z. H., Deng, Y. C., Chang, L. J., & Chan, T. W. (2002). An approach to cultivating reading habits for children with pet-raising games. The 6th Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education, Beijing, 213-216.
Chen, Z. H., Yang, J. C., Deng, Y. C., & Chan, T. W. (2003). Environment design through coupling pet-raising games with domain-independent learning activities. The 7th Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education, Nanjing, 755-759.
Chen, Zhi-Hong & Chan, T.W. (2004). Motivating Learners by Nurturing Animal Companions: My-Pet and Our-Pet. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education,
Chou, C. Y. & Chan, T. W. & Lin, C. J.（2003）. Rededning the learning companion: the past, present, and future of educational agents, Computers & Education 40, 255–269.
Erez, M. (1977). Feedback: A necessary condition for the goal setting-performance relationship, Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 624-627.
Friedmann E., Katcher A.H., Thomas S.A., et al. (1983), Social interaction and blood pressure: influence of animal companions. J Nerv Ment Dis, 171(8), 461-465.
Goodlad, S. & Hirst, B. (1989). Peer tutoring: A guide to learning by teaching. London: Kogan Page.
Gyanani, T. C. & Pahuja, P. (1995). Brief research report: Effects of peer tutoring on abilities and achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20(4), 469-475.
House, W. C. (1973). Performance expectancies and affect associated with outcomes as a function of time perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 7, 277-288.
Hue, C. W., Chung I. L., Chan T. W. (1994). Computer game and intrinsic motivation: a re-implementation of WEST. Chinese Journal of Psychology 36(2), 137-147
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperative and competition：Theory and research. Edina, MN：Interaction Book Company.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Maheady, L. (1998). Advantages and disadvantages of peer-assisted learning strategies.
Malone, T. W. (1981). Toward a theory of intrinsically motivating instruction. Cognitive Science, 5(4), 333-369.
Melson, G. F. (2001). Why the wild things are: Animals in the lives of children. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension fostering and monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1, 117–175.
Pesce, M. (2000). The playful world: how technology is transforming our imagination. New York: Random House.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital game-based learning. NY: McGraw-Hill.
Self, J. (1988). Bypassing the intractable problem of student modeling. International Conference of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Montreal, Canada, 18-24.
Slavin, R. E.(1995). Cooperatve Learning: Theory, Research and Practice 2ind ed.
Topping, K. & Ehly, S. (Eds.), Peer-assisted learning (pp. 45-65). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Topping, K. & Ehly, S. (1998). Introduction to peer-assisted learning. In Topping, K. & Ehly, S. (Eds.), Peer-assisted learning (pp. 1-23). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Wilson, T. & Whitelock, D. (1998). What are the perceived benefits of participating in a computer-medicated communication environment for distance learning computer science students? Computer Education, 30(3/4), 259-269. |
[Endnote RIS 格式]
[相關文章]
[文章引用]
[完整記錄]
[館藏目錄]
[檢視]
plurk
funp
live
udn
HD
myshare
netvibes
friend
youpush
delicious
baidu
Google bookmarks
del.icio.us
hemidemi
facebook
twitter
google
reddit