兩岸華人全職女性之工作家庭資源、職家衝突與後果的文化差異研究

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王德明(Te-ming Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

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人力資源管理研究所在職專班

論文名稱

兩岸華人全職女性之工作家庭資源、職家衝突與後果的文化差異研究
(The sub-cultural differences in work-family resources, conflicts, and their consequences among working women in Taiwan and Mainland China)

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摘要(中)

本研究旨在瞭解海峽兩岸女性工作者在職家衝突、工作家庭資源的異同處，並進一步比較其因職家衝突所產生的後果變項之差異性。研究樣本為中國大陸(北京)及台灣兩地具有全職工作的成人，共265份女性有效樣本，台灣女性157份，中國108份。
研究結果顯示：職家衝突感受差異方面，總的來說，兩岸女性之「工作家庭衝突」並無顯著差異，而「家庭工作衝突」則中國顯著高於台灣。在職家衝突的各面向上，台灣樣本之「以壓力為基礎」的職家衝突高於中國，「以時間為基礎」及「以行為為基礎」的職家衝突則是中國高於台灣。在資源方面，台灣樣本之「組織家庭支持」高於中國，中國則在「主管理念性支持」與「組織家庭政策」上高於台灣。而在家庭資源方面，台灣樣本之「家人就近幫忙」顯著高於中國，「照顧子女協助」上則相反的中國顯著高於台灣。在後果變項方面，僅台灣樣本之「生活滿意」顯著高於中國。
藉由研究之結果，有助於讀者瞭解兩岸女性在同種卻不盡相同的政經社會背景所產生之不同「次文化」（sub-culture）下的職家衝突感受，及其前因後果的差異，提供企業管理者，作為企業經營管理上彈性之運用。

摘要(英)

The present study aimed to compare cross-strait differences in work and family resources, work-family conflict, and its consequences among full-time employed women in Taiwan and Mainland China. Our sample consisted of 265 working women, 157 from Taiwan, and 108 from China (Beijing).
Results revealed that there was no overall difference in work-to-family conflict (WFC) among women across the Strait. However, Mainland Chinese female workers perceived higher overall family-to-work conflict (FWC) than their Taiwanese counterparts. More specifically, Taiwanese perceived higher strain-based WFC and FWC than Mainland Chinese, whereas the Mainland Chinese perceived higher time-based and behavior-based WFC and FWC than Taiwanese. In terms of work resources, Taiwanese perceived higher organizational family-support values, whereas Mainland Chinese perceived higher supervisory support and organizational family-support policies. In terms of family resources, Taiwanese perceived higher support resulted from relatives living close-by, whereas Mainland Chinese perceived higher support for children care. On various outcome measures, there was only on significant difference: Taiwanese perceived higher life satisfaction than their mainland Chinese counterparts.
Our results unraveled sub-cultural differences of women’s work-family conflict experiences embedded in the socio-economical backgrounds of the two Chinese societies across the Strait. It is hoped that these findings will inform better and more adjusted organizational family-friendly practices for managers in Taiwan and Mainland China.

關鍵字(中)

★ 工作家庭資源
★ 職家衝突
★ 次文化
★ 兩岸

關鍵字(英)

★ work-family conflict
★ work and family resources
★ Taiwan and Mainland China
★ sub-culture

論文目次

第一章緒論 ...................................................................................... .....................1
第一節研究背景與動機.........................................................................................1
第二節研究目的...................................................................................... . .............3
第二章文獻回顧...................................................................................... .............4
第一節兩岸華人之職家衝突背景的差異.............................................................4
第二節兩岸華人女性職家衝突之差異................................................................ .6
一、職家衝突之定義及內涵.......................................................................... ....6
二、兩岸華人女性之職家衝突的差異...............................................................8
第三節兩岸華人女性職家衝突之前因的差異.......................................................9
一、職家衝突之前因...................................................................................... .... 9
二、職家衝突之負面因子....................................................................................10
三、職家衝突之正面因子....................................................................................12
四、兩岸華人女性職家衝突之前因的差異.........................................................16
第四節兩岸華人女性職家衝突之後果的差異........................................................17
一、職家衝突之後果...................................................................................... ... ..19
二、兩岸華人女性職家衝突之後果的之差異.....................................................19
第三章研究方法.......................................................................................................20
第一節研究架構與研究假設........................................................................ ...........20
第二節研究對象............................................................................... ............ ...........21
第三節研究工具....................................................................................... ..... ..... ...22
一、工作資源量表（work resources）.............................................................22
(一)主管理念性的支持（supervisory ）...............................................22
(二)組織的家庭政策（organizational family supportive policies）.....22
(三)組織的家庭支持（organizational family support）.......................22
二、家庭資源量表（family resources）......................................................... 23
(一)家庭支持（family support）......................................................................23
(二)照顧子女協助（childcare help）................................................................23
(三)家務分工（domestic help）...................................................................... .23
三、職家衝突量表（WFC/FWC）..................................................................23
四、後果變項量表（ consequences ）...........................................................24
第四章研究結果.......................................................................................................26
第一節樣本描述 ..................................................................................... ...............26
第二節研究變數的描述性統計 .............................................................................27
第三節兩岸華人女性之職家衝突的差異..............................................................27
第四節兩岸華人女性職家衝突之前因的差異 ....................................................29
第五節兩岸華人女性職家衝突之後果的差異....................................................... 30
第五章結論與建議.................................................................................. ...... ..... ..32
第一節研究結果概述...............................................................................................32
第二節結論................................................................................................................32
第三節研究限制與建議...........................................................................................34
參考文獻.....................................................................................................................36
附錄...................................................................................... ............................ ............43

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指導教授

陸洛(Luo Lu)

審核日期

2008-7-22

推文