工作壓力源與壓力後果之關係：以華人工作價值觀為調節變項

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：39

、訪客IP：3.135.190.244

姓名

王妍蓁(Yen-Chen Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

人力資源管理研究所

論文名稱

工作壓力源與壓力後果之關係：以華人工作價值觀為調節變項
(The relationship between work stressor and strain: Chinese work values as a moderator)

相關論文

★ 影響外派意願之個人及組織因素研究	★ 員工福利措施重要性與滿意度之關連性-以某高科技公司為例
★ 休閒活動與工作滿意度、個人福祉之關聯性探討 -兼論人口背景變項之影響	★ 工作資源、職家衝突及其後果
★ 職家衝突:工作家庭雙介面之要求、資源與衝突感受之性別差異	★ 兩岸三地員工工作壓力來源對工作績效之影響：以因應策略為調節變項
★ 工作限制、家庭責任與職家衝突之關聯：以社會支持為調節因子	★ 職場性別公平現況與性別公平知覺對工作態度及工作壓力之影響
★ 主管與非主管對於職家要求、資源、衝突三種感受之差異探討	★ 工作價值之契合對工作士氣與生活滿意度之影響
★ 工作壓力對工作滿意度之影響：以組織承諾為調節變項	★ 個人背景及幸福感與工作滿意、組織承諾、離職意向之關聯
★ 華人工作動機與工作滿意度及組織承諾之關聯研究	★ 工作型態與工作士氣、工作壓力及生活滿意度之關聯性研究
★ 兩岸華人全職女性之工作家庭資源、職家衝突與後果的文化差異研究	★ 工時的現況與期望之落差對員工工作士氣、生活滿意度、工作家庭衝突之影響

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究從工作壓力源及華人工作價值觀切入，瞭解工作場所中的壓力源及員工對華人工作價值觀之認同，對工作滿意度的影響。然而，工作壓力源所造成的影響不只是組織層面的「工作滿意度」，還會導致員工個人的不健康，因此本研究的壓力後果除了「工作滿意度」，還包括「身體症狀」及「心理症狀」。除此之外，個人在工作時所認同的華人工作價值觀，對工作壓力源與壓力後果關係的調節效果，也納入討論範圍。
研究工具為自陳式量表，發放給兩岸三地（台灣、香港、大陸）員工填答，本研究將樣本加總以增加統計力量，並使得研究結果在華人地區更具有可推性。研究結果發現，三個壓力後果被不同的工作壓力源所影響：「工作滿意度」的預測因子為「組織氣候」及「工作自主性」；「身體症狀」的預測因子有「人際衝突」與「工作負荷」；能預測「心理症狀」的工作壓力源最多，包含「組織氣候」、「人際衝突」及「工作負荷」。
華人工作價值觀之「勤勉」構面對三個壓力後果都有預測力。在調節效果方面，「勤勉」只能調節兩個工作壓力源「人際衝突」與「工作負荷」對「工作滿意度」之關係；華人工作價值觀之另一構面「實用」，對壓力後果沒有預測力，對工作壓力源與壓力後果之關係也無調節作用存在。

摘要(英)

The aim of the research was to explore relations between various work stressor and strain, in the cultural context of Greater China, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the Mainland. In addition to job satisfaction, personal well-being indicated by physical and behavioral symptoms, was also examined as the strain factor. Both the main effect and possible moderating effect of endorsing Chinese work values were explored in the work stress process. Using structured questionnaires, a total sample of 380 full-time employees in the three regions were surveyed.
Analyses revealed that for Chinese employees in all three regions, the main nexus of work stress – strain was established. However, different indicators of strain were significantly predicted by different sources of work stress: (1) “organizational climate” and “work autonomy” predicted job satisfaction; (2) “interpersonal conflict” and “work overload” predicted physical symptoms; (3) “organizational climate”, “interpersonal conflict” and “work overload” predicted behavioral symptoms.
The “hardworking” component of Chinese work values was found to be related to all three indicators of strain, demonstrating its main effect on stress outcome: the high endorsement of “hardworking” value was generally related to reduce strain. More importantly, we found that “hardworking” as a Chinese work value buffered the noxious effect of “interpersonal conflict”, but exacerbated that of “work overload” on job satisfaction. Although these moderating effect should be further replicated in future studies, they serve to highlight the need to comprehensively understand the work environment in interpreting roles of work stress and work values, as well as their intricate interactions for Chinese employees working in the collectivistic culture.

關鍵字(中)

★ 工作壓力源
★ 壓力後果
★ 華人工作價值觀

關鍵字(英)

★ strain
★ work stressor
★ Chinese work values

論文目次

第一章研究動機與目的 1
第一節研究動機 1
第二節研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
第一節壓力與工作壓力 3
一、壓力的定義 3
二、工作壓力的定義 5
三、工作壓力源的類別 6
四、工作壓力源與壓力後果之相關研究 7
第二節工作價值觀 9
一、價值觀的定義與類別 9
二、價值觀與工作價值觀 11
三、工作價值觀的定義與類別 12
四、華人社會裡的工作價值觀 15
五、工作價值觀與壓力後果之關係 18
第三章研究方法 21
第一節研究架構與假設 21
一、研究架構 21
二、研究假設 22
第二節研究對象 23
第三節研究工具 25
一、工作壓力源量表 25
二、壓力後果量表 26
三、華人工作價值觀量表 27
四、人口學變項 27
第四章研究結果 28
第一節樣本描述 28
第二節量表之信度分析 29
一、工作壓力源量表 29
二、壓力後果量表 29
三、華人工作價值觀量表 29
第三節研究變項描述性統計分析 30
第四節變項間之相關分析 31
一、人口學變項與主要研究變項之相關 31
二、工作壓力源與壓力後果間之相關 33
三、工作壓力源與華人工作價值觀間之相關 33
四、華人工作價值觀與壓力後果間之相關 33
第五節層級式迴歸分析 35
一、預測工作滿意度 36
二、預測身體症狀 37
三、預測心理症狀 38
四、小結 38
第六節華人工作價值觀的調節作用 39
一、實用 39
二、勤勉 39
第五章討論 43
第一節研究結果概述 43
第二節工作壓力源與壓力後果 44
第三節華人工作價值觀與壓力後果 46
第四節華人工作價值觀的調節作用 48
第五節研究限制與未來研究建議 50
一、研究限制 50
二、未來研究建議 51
第六節管理意涵與建議 52
一、組織氣候 52
二、人際衝突 52
三、工作負荷 52
四、缺乏自主性 53
五、華人工作價值觀 53
參考文獻 54
附錄一、問卷題項 61
附錄二、香港、台灣、北京樣本之描述性統記 64
附錄三、香港、台灣、北京樣本之變項描述性統計 65
附錄四、香港、台灣、北京樣本主要變項之相關矩陣67

參考文獻

文崇一（1989）：《中國人的價值觀》。台北：東大圖書公司。
王叢桂（1993）：三個世代大學畢業工作者的價值觀。本土心理學研究，2，206-250。
王叢桂（1998）：三個世代大學畢業工作者的價值觀。《海峽兩岸之企業倫理與工作價值》，205-263。香港：遠流出版公司。
邱玫芳（1996）：勞工工作壓力之探討。高雄醫學院行為科學研究所，碩士論文。
洪瑞斌、劉兆明（2003）：工作價值觀研究之回顧與前瞻。應用心理研究，19，211-250。
翁淑緣（1984）：台灣北部地區大學生的價值觀念與生活形態的研究。教育與心理研究，6，95-116。
曹國雄（1994）：工作價值對員工工作態度的影響。人力資源學報，4，1-20。
陳孟修、盧淵源（2000）：團隊特性與工作價值觀對員工的組織承諾及工作投入的影響之研究。商學學報，8，201-241。
陳彰儀（1996）：台商外派大陸人員之人格特質、外派前受訓程度及工作壓力、生活壓力與身心適應三者之關係。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫（NSC84-2413-H004-017）。
陸洛（1997）：工作壓力之歷程：理論與研究的對話。中華心理衛生學刊，10(4)，19-51。
陸洛（2006）：〈華人與歐美企業員工工作價值觀的比較極其對人力資源的啟示〉。中央人力資源管理協會主辦「海峽兩岸人資實務分享研討會」（新竹），發表之演講。
陸洛、李惠美、謝天渝（2005）：牙醫師職業壓力與身心健康及職業倦怠之關係：以高雄市牙醫師為例。應用心理研究，27，59-80。
陸洛、高旭繁、周雲、蕭愛玲（2001）：〈兩岸三地員工之工作壓力、控制信念、工作滿意及身心健康〉。《中華心理衛生學刊》，14，55-87。
陸洛、高淑芳（1999）：主管工作壓力的族群差異：個人背景、工作與職業因素。中華心理衛生學刊，12(2)，23-66。
黃光國（1991）：自我實現與華人社會中的價值變遷。台灣大學心理學系，未發表之論文。
黃同圳（1993）：青年勞工工作價值觀與組織向心力之研究。青年輔導研究報告之93，行政院青年輔導委員會。
黃國隆、戚樹誠（1998）：台灣與大陸企業員工工作價值觀之比較。《海峽兩岸之企業倫理與工作價值》，95-158。香港：遠流出版公司。
黃國隆、蔡啟通（1998）：工作價值觀與領導行為對員工效能的影響。《海峽兩岸之企業倫理與工作價值》，159-204。香港：遠流出版公司。
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Beehr T. A., & Newman J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model and literature review. Personnel Psychology, 31(3), 665-699.
Berger, P. L. (1983). Secularity: West and east. Cultural identity and modernization in Asian countries. Kokugakuin University Centennial Symposium.
Brindley, T. A. (1989). Socio-psychological value in the Republic of China (I). Asian Thought and Society, 14, 98-115.
Burke, R. J. (1988). Sources of managerial and professional stress in large organizations. In C. L. Cooper & R. Payne (Eds.), Causes, coping and consequences of stress at work. New York: John Wiley.
Buunk, B. P., deJonge, J., Ybema, J. F., & deWolff, C. J. (1998). Psychosocial aspects of occupational stress. In P. J. D. Drentj, H. Thierry, & C. J. de Wolff(Eds.), Hankbook of work and organizational psychology. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI., unpublished manuscript.
Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French J. R. P., Harrison, R. V., & Pinneau, S. R., Jr. (1980). Job demands and worker health: Main effects and occupational differences. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Institute for Social Research.
Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. (1997). Managing workplace stress. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. L. (2000). HR know-how in mergers and acquisitions. London: CIPD.
Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. L. (2002). ASSET: An organizational stress screening tool, the management guide. UK: RCL Ltd.
Chao, Y. T. (1990). Culture and work organizations: The Chinese case. International Journal of Psychology, 25, 583-592.
Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P. J., & O’Driscoll M. P. (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cooper, C. L., Sloan, S. J., & Williams, S. (1988). Occupational stress indicator management guide. Oxford: NFER-NELSON.
Cox, T. (1993). Stress Research and Stress Management. Putting Theory to Work. HMSO: London.
Crain, R. D. (1974). The effect of work values on the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction, unpublished dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
Desley, H., Ashley, P., & Victoria, P. (2006). Extrinsic and intrinsic work values: Their impact on job satisfaction in nursing. Journal of nursing management, 14(4), 271-281.
Donaldson, T. & Dunfee, T. W. (1994). Toward a unified conception of business ethics: Integrative social contracts theory. Academy of Management Review, 19, 252-284.
Dose, J. J. (1997). Work values: An integrative framework and illustrative application to organizational socialization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 219-240.
England, G. W. (1967). Personal value systems of American manager. Academy of Management Journal, 10, 53-68.
Eugene, J. W. (1999). The impact of work resources on job stress among correctional treatment staff. Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling, 20(1), 26-34.
French J. R. P. (1974). Adjustment as person-environment fit. In G.. V. Coellho. D. A. Hamburg. & J. E. Asans (Eds.). Coping and adaptation. NY: Basica Books.
Fried, Y., Rowland, K. M., & Ferris, G. R. (1984). The physiological measurement of work stress: A critique. Personnel Psychology, 37, 583-615.
Gellis, Z. D., Kim, J., & Hwang, S. C. (2004). New York State Case Manager Survey. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 31(4), 430-440.
George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (1997). Experiencing work: Values, attitude, and moods. Human Relation, 50(4), 393-416.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 12(6), 120-128.
Greenhaus, J. H., Bedeian A. G., & Mossholder K. W. (1987). Work experiences, job performance, and feelings of personal and family well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31(7), 200-215.
Hackman, J. R. , & Oldham, G. R.(1980).Work Redesign Reading , MA: Addision-Wesley.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 259-270.
Harrington, D., Miles, H., Watkins, A., Williamson, A., & Grady D. (1996). Putting people values to work. McKinsey Quarterly, 3, 163-167.
Hatfield, J., Robinson, R., & Huseman, R. (1985). An empirical evaluation of a test for assessing job satisfaction. Psychological Reports, 56, 39-45.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man. Cleveland, OH: World Publishing.
Herzberg, F. (1987). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 87, 109-120.
Herzberg, F. Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: Wiley.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly-Hills, CA: Sage.
Hofstede, G. (1984). The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept. Academy of Management Review, 9, 389–398.
Hofstede, G. (1994). Values Survey Module 1994 manual. University of Limburg, Mastricht, The Netherlands.
Hollander, E.P. (1971). Principles and methods of social psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Huang, H. J., Eveleth, D. M. & Huo, Y. P. (1998). Chinese work-related value system: Developing a “GCF-LEACH” framework for comparative studies among Chinese societies. Paper presented at The Inaugural Conference of the Asian Academy of Management, Hong Kong.
Jeremy, W. S. (2005). Stress at work: Management and prevention. Boston : Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
Jex, S. M. (1998). Stress and job performance. London: Sage Publications.
Kahn, H. (1979). World economic development: 1979 and beyond. London: Croom Helm.
Kalleberg, A. L. (1977). Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Karasek, R. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(3), 285-306.
Knoop R. (1994). Work values and job Satisfaction. The Journal of Psychology, 128(6), 683-690.
Landy, F. J., & Becker, W. S. (1987). Motivation theory reconsidered. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 1-35.
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. NewYork: Springer.
Litwin, G. H. & Stringer, R. A. (1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Boston: Harvard University.
Liu, C. (2002). A comparison of job stressors and job strains among employees holding comparable jobs in Western and Eastern societies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa.
Lofquist, L. H. & Dawis, R. V. (1971). Values as secondd-order needs in the theory of work adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12, 12-19.
Lu, L., & Lin, G. C. (2002). Work values and job adjustment of Taiwanese workers. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 10(2), 79-87.
Lu, L., Cooper, C. L., Kao, S. F, & Zhou, Y. (2003). Work stress, control beliefs and well-being in Greater China. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(6), 479-510.
Lu, L., Tseng, H. J., & Cooper, C. L. (1999). Managerial stress, job satisfaction and health in Taiwan. Stress Medicine, 15, 53-64.
MacFarquhar, R. (1980). The post Confucian challenge. The Economist, 44, 67-72.
Macnab, D. & Fitzsimmons, G. W. (1987). A multitrait-multimethod study of work-related needs, values and preferences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 30, 1-15.
Maslach, C., & Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 7, 63-74.
Matteson, M. T., & Ivancevich J. M. (1999). Organizational behavior and management. New York: McGraw Hill.
Miller K., & Ellis B. H. (1990). An integrated model of communication, stress and burnout in the workplac. Communication Research, 17(3), 27-300.
Pryor, R. G. L. (1979). In search of a concept: Work values. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 27, 250-256.
Pryor, R. G. L. (1981). Tracing the development of the work aspect preference scale. Australian Psychologist, 16, 241-257.
Ravlian, E. C. & Meglino, B. M. (1987). Effect of values on perception and decision making: A study of alternative work values methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 666-673.
Roberts J. A., Lapidus R. A. & Chonko L. B. (1997). Salesperson and stress: The moderating role of locus of control on work stressors and felt stress. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 5(3), 93-108.
Robins, S. P. (2005). Organizational behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Roe, R. A., & Ester, P. (1999). Values and work: Empirical findings and theoretical perspective. Applied psychology: An international review, 48(1), 1-21.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press.
Ronen, S. (1987). Personal values: A basis for work motivational set and work attitude. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 21, 80-107.
Ros, M., Schwartz, S. H., & Surkiss, S. (1999). Basic individual values, work values, and the meaning of work. Applied Psychology: An international review, 48(1), 49-71.
Schwartz, S.H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp.1–65). New York: Academic Press.
Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature, 138, 32.
Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Selye, H. (1982). History and present status of the stress concept. IN L. Goldberger, & S. Brezntz (Ed) Handbook of Stress Theoretical and Clinical Aspects. NY：The Free Press.
Selyem H. (1956). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Silver, P. F. (1983). Educational administration. New York: Harper and Row.
Siu, O. L. (2003). Job stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of Chinese work values and organizational commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 38(6), 337–347.
Siu, O. L., Lu, C. Q., & Cheng K. H. C. (2003). Job stress and work well-being in Hong Long and Beijing : The direct and moderating effects of organizational commitment and Chinese work values. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 4(1), 7-28.
Siu, O. L., Spector, P. E., Cooper C. L., & Lu, C. Q. (2005). Work stress, self-efficacy, Chinese work values, and work well-being in Hong Kong and Beijing. International Journal of stress Management, 12(3), 274-288.
Spector, P. E. (1987). Perceived control by employees: A meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work. Human Relations, 39, 1005-1016.
Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strains: Interpersonal conflict at work scale, organizational constraints scale, quantitative workload inventory, and physical symptoms inventory. Journal of Occupational Health psychology, 3, 356-367.
Steffy, B. D. & Jones, J. W. (1988). Workplace stress and indicators of coronary-disease risk. The Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 686-698.
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129–148.
The Chinese Culture Connection (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18, 143-164.
Vanus, D. & McAllister, I. (1991). Gender and work orientation. Work and Occupations, 18(1), 72-93.
Warr, P. B. (1982). A national study of non-financial employment commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 55, 297-312.
Weber, M. (1930). The Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New York: Scribner. 于曉、陳維綱譯（1991）:《新教倫理與資本主義精神》。台北：唐山。
Weiten, W. & Lloyd, M. A. (2006). Psychology applied to modern life: Adjustment in the 21st century. U. S.: Wadsworth Publishing.
Zytowski, D. G. (1970). The concept of work values. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 18, 176-186.

指導教授

陸洛(Luo Lu)

審核日期

2007-7-11

推文