同時考量儲存與路徑策略之績效研究

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郭宛棻(Wan-Fen Kuo) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

工業管理研究所

論文名稱

同時考量儲存與路徑策略之績效研究
(The performance of distribution center by considering the storage policies and the routing policies)

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摘要(中)

二十一世紀為企業無國界的時代，產業的全球化、供應鏈管理觀念的興起，加上網際網路的應用及電子商務的推波助瀾，使得居於其中的物流業者扮演了更重要的整合角色。在傳統物流中心內，揀貨作業所花費的時間佔了整個物流時間的30%至40%左右。因此，揀貨作業是物流中心整體營運績效好壞的指標作業。而品項擺放位置的規劃與揀貨員行走路徑方式都跟揀貨作業的效率有很大之關聯性。透過良好的儲位設計與選擇適當的路徑策略，將有助於提升揀貨效率，進而增進企業體之獲利。
本研究乃探討物流中心揀貨作業效率化問題，由於各物流中心採用不同的路徑策略，為了瞭解不同的儲存策略作為搭配時，是否可有效減少揀貨員之行走距離，故本研究將著重於路徑策略與儲存策略兩因子作為主要探討因子。同時分析倉庫長寬比例、訂單大小、需求法則等因子是否會對路徑與儲存策略之搭配有所影響。吾人利用Visual Basic 6.0撰寫模擬程式，進行不同策略組合之下的實驗分析，對系統模擬產生出的實驗數據以Microsoft Excel作輸出整理，並透過統計套裝軟體SPSS 13.0作一比較分析。
研究結果顯示，不同的路徑策略在搭配特定的儲存策略下將獲得較佳績效表現，而且不同因子將對儲存與路徑搭配組合有所影響。

摘要(英)

21 century is the age of borderless for enterprise due to global industry, supply chain management development, Internet application, and E-Commerce growing up. Order picking constitute 30% ~ 40% of the total logistic time for a typical warehouse. So order picking is the critical index of distribution centers’ performance. Planning items’ location and routing policies have large relationship for the order picking efficiency. By appropriate storage location planning and fit routing policy selecting will benefit for the efficiency raising and improve the profit for the enterprise.
In the research we will treat the efficiency problem about the order picking operation in the distribution centers. Because different distribution centers adopt diverse routing policies, we wonder whether different storage policies match the routing policies able to reduce the traveling distance effectively. According to aforementioned reason the study will focus on the routing policies and storage policies factors as the critical factors. In the meantime we also analyze the warehouse’s ration of length and wide, the size of order list, and demand rule factors weather will effect the collation of the routing policy and storage policy. In the study, we make use of Visual Basic 6.0 coding the simulation and then use statistical package SPSS 13.0 analyze and compare the variable combination experience outcomes.
By the research results, when particular routing policy match specific storage policy gaining better performance. And variant factors will effect the combination of the routing policy and storage policy.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 路徑策略
★ 儲位策略
★ 揀貨

關鍵字(英)

★ Order Picking
★ Distribution Center
★ Routing Policy
★ Storage Policy

論文目次

目錄............................................................................................................................................i
圖目錄......................................................................................................................................iv
表目錄......................................................................................................................................vi
第一章緒論............................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景....................................................................................................................1
1.2 研究動機....................................................................................................................2
1.3 研究目的....................................................................................................................3
1.4 研究環境....................................................................................................................3
1.5 論文流程與架構........................................................................................................4
第二章文獻探討....................................................................................................................6
2.1 物流............................................................................................................................6
2.1.1 物流的定義....................................................................................................6
2.1.2 物流的領域....................................................................................................7
2.1.3 現代物流的重要性........................................................................................7
2.1.4 物流中心之特色............................................................................................8
2.1.5 物流中心之目的與類型................................................................................8
2.2 倉儲設計問題............................................................................................................8
2.2.1 倉庫走道設計................................................................................................9
2.2.2 倉儲規劃........................................................................................................9
2.3 儲位管理問題..........................................................................................................10
2.3.1 儲存策略...................................................................................................... 11
2.3.2 儲位指派問題..............................................................................................13
2.4 訂單揀貨問題..........................................................................................................15
2.4.1 揀貨策略......................................................................................................16
2.4.1.1 批次揀貨................................................................................................17
2.4.1.2 區域揀貨................................................................................................17
2.4.2 揀貨路徑策略..............................................................................................18
第三章研究問題與方法......................................................................................................20
3.1 方法架構..................................................................................................................20
3.2 問題說明與假設條件..............................................................................................20
3.3 訂單產生依據..........................................................................................................21
3.4 儲存策略..................................................................................................................21
3.4.1 隨機(Random)儲存策略..............................................................................22
3.4.2 Within-Aisle 儲存策略................................................................................23
3.4.3 Across-Aisle 儲存策略................................................................................24
3.4.4 Midpoint-Within-Left 儲存策略..................................................................24
3.4.5 Midpoint-Across-Left 儲存策略..................................................................25
3.4.6 Orthogonal 儲存策略...................................................................................26
3.4.7 Perimeter 儲存策略......................................................................................26
3.4.8 Perimeter-Within 儲存策略.........................................................................27
3.5 揀貨路徑策略..........................................................................................................28
3.5.1 返回(Return)策略.........................................................................................28
3.5.2 穿越(Traversal)策略.....................................................................................29
3.5.3 中間點返回(Midpoint)策略.........................................................................29
3.5.4 最大間隙(Largest Gap；LG)策略...............................................................30
3.5.5 混合(Composite)策略..................................................................................31
3.5.6 最佳化(Optimal)策略..................................................................................31
3.6 倉庫長寬比例..........................................................................................................32
3.7 訂單大小..................................................................................................................33
3.8 需求法則..................................................................................................................33
第四章實驗結果與分析......................................................................................................34
4.1 模擬實驗設計..........................................................................................................34
4.1.1 實驗環境......................................................................................................34
4.1.2 實驗目的與方法..........................................................................................34
4.1.3 模擬實驗因子..............................................................................................35
4.1.4 績效評估指標..............................................................................................36
4.2 模擬實驗結果..........................................................................................................36
4.3 ANOVA 統計檢定分析...........................................................................................37
4.3.1 變異數分析..................................................................................................38
4.3.2 主要效果項分析..........................................................................................41
4.3.2.1 路徑策略................................................................................................42
4.3.2.2 儲存策略................................................................................................43
4.3.2.3 倉庫長寬比例........................................................................................44
4.3.2.4 訂單大小................................................................................................46
4.3.2.5 需求法則................................................................................................47
4.3.3 交互作用分析..............................................................................................48
4.3.3.1 倉庫長寬比例 * 儲存策略..................................................................48
4.3.3.2 訂單大小 * 儲存策略..........................................................................50
4.3.3.3 需求法則 * 儲存策略..........................................................................52
4.3.3.4 倉庫長寬比例 * 路徑策略..................................................................54
4.3.3.5 訂單大小 * 路徑策略..........................................................................55
4.3.3.6 需求法則 * 路徑策略..........................................................................57
4.3.3.7 路徑策略 * 儲存策略..........................................................................58
4.3.3.8 倉庫長寬比例 * 儲存策略 * 路徑策略............................................61
4.3.3.9 訂單大小 * 儲存策略 * 路徑策略....................................................62
4.3.3.10 需求法則 * 儲存策略 * 路徑策略....................................................63
4.4 實驗結論..................................................................................................................65
第五章結論與後續研究建議..............................................................................................66
5.1 研究結論..................................................................................................................66
5.2 未來研究建議..........................................................................................................66
參考文獻.................................................................................................................................68

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2008-6-24

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