協力式無人搬運車系統之派車問題探討

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許晏誠(Yan-Cheng Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

協力式無人搬運車系統之派車問題探討
(A study on the dispatching rules of tandem AGV systems)

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摘要(中)

隨著工業生產規模的擴大和自動化程度的提高，物料搬運費用在工業生產成本中所佔的比例越來越大，根據Tompkin和White在1984年研究指出物料搬運成本約佔了20%～50%的總操作成本，正因為如此，選擇一個適當的自動化物料搬運系統變得相當重要，自動化物料搬運系統不僅可以增加物料搬運效率，也可以節省搬運成本，其中又以無人搬運車(Automated Guided Vehicle；AGV)最具生產力與彈性。
本研究針對單載量無人搬運車在協力式AGV系統下發展出一套派車法則，希望可以提升無人搬運車的搬運效率，由於協力式AGV系統的工件載取運送分為區域內運送與跨區域運送，所以本研究所發展出來的法則主要分成兩部份：
1.區域內AGV載取派車法則
在協力式AGV系統中，當無人搬運車在區域內要進行載取工件的動作時，其所決定要去載取哪個工作站內哪一個工件之法則。
2.跨區域工件運送法則
跨區域工件運送法則是指當工件需要跨區域運送時，需要經由哪個區域的轉運站進行轉運動作，AGV會根據此法則將工件運送至適當的轉運站。
本研究在封閉式系統中針對這兩部份的法則互相搭配，並依據在製品(WIP)數量的多寡，利用模擬程式進行模擬，找出最佳的派車組合，驗證出哪些法則在本研究環境假設下有較好的績效。

摘要(英)

With the enlargement of industrial production scale and the improvement of the extent of automation, material handling expenses accounting for the cost of industrial production is getting larger. According to the research of Tompkin and White in 1984, it was pointed out that the cost of material handling accounts for about twenty percent to half of the overall operating cost. Therefore, choosing an appropriate automated material handling systems is much significant. Using automated material handling systems is not only able to increase the efficiency of material handling, but also it can save the handling cost. Among these things, Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is provided with productivity and elasticity the most.
This study develops a set dispatching rules, which is expected to increase the efficiency of transit, for single-load AGV in a tandem AGV system. Owing to that picking-up and delivering a part in a tandem AGV system is partitioned into intra-zone transit and inter-zone transit, hence the dispatching rules as a consequence of this investigation are principally divided into two parts:
1.Intra-zone AGV pickup-dispatching rules
In tandem AGV systems, as AGV proceeds pickup intra-zone, dispatching rules are adopted to decide which work is picked up in a certain workstation.
2.Inter-zone part-delivery rules
Inter-zone part-delivery rules mean that as delivering a work from one zone to another is requested, AGV shall deliver the work to an appropriate transit station based on these rules when a certain transit station in a certain zone is requested to be responsible for delivery.
In this study, we recombine these rules mentioned above based on the amount of WIP in a closed system. By means of computer simulation, we can find out the optimal dispatching combination and test which rules resulting in best performances.

關鍵字(中)

★ 載取派車法則
★ 協力式
★ 無人搬運車
★ 工件運送法則

關鍵字(英)

★ AGV systems
★ pickup-dispatching rules
★ part-delivery rules
★ tandem configuration

論文目次

目錄i
圖目錄iii
表目錄v
第一章緒論1
1.1 研究背景與動機1
1.2 研究目的2
1.3 研究環境與假設 3
1.4 研究方法與論文架構4
第二章文獻探討6
2.1 無人搬運車系統6
2.1.1 無人搬運車路徑規劃與佈置問題7
2.1.2 無人搬運車的派送(dispatch)問題 11
2.1.2.1 單載量AGV派車系統11
2.1.2.2 多載量AGV派車系統15
2.2 協力式無人搬運車系統17
2.2.1 區域劃分17
2.2.2 路徑軌道設計18
2.2.3 轉運站的設置 19
第三章無人搬運車之車輛控制方法20
3.1 問題分析20
3.2 系統環境21
3.3 無人搬運車承載作業程序23
3.4 無人搬運車之車輛控制方法25
3.4.1 區域內AGV載取派車法則25
3.4.2 跨區域工件運送法則30
3.4.2.1 依與該區域的相鄰區域判斷32
3.4.2.2 依可能行經區域的途程判斷35
第四章模擬實驗設計與分析 37
4.1 實驗環境與假設 37
4.2 決定暖機時間 42
4.3 模擬實驗分析 45
4.4 統計分析與實驗結果47
4.4.1 ANOVA之前提假設47
4.4.2 工件平均流程時間統計分析48
4.4.3 工件平均產出量統計分析57
4.4.4 提早工件之平均提早完成時間統計分析67
4.4.5 延遲工件之平均延遲完成時間統計分析78
4.4.6 總平均Lateness統計分析88
4.4.7 總平均Tardiness統計分析97
4.5 本章小結107
第五章結論與建議109
5.1 結論 109
5.2 後續研究建議110
參考文獻 111
附錄116

參考文獻

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2008-7-18

推文