物流中心之訂單選取與揀貨路徑規劃的研究

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賴順良(Shun-Liang Lai) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

物流中心之訂單選取與揀貨路徑規劃的研究
(A STUDY OF ORDER SELECTION AND ROUTING POLICIES IN A DISTRIBUTION CENTRE)

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摘要(中)

由於近年來國家經濟結構與社會需求的改變，導致產業轉型與外移的現象更趨於全球化與國際化，在這種趨勢之下，企業對產銷供應鏈規劃的活動範圍已經從簡單的工作點或區間場所內的物料流動，漸漸擴展到企業內部多方物流功能的整合與企業間商業物流管理和供應鏈活動，進而發展到國與國之間的全球化物流作業有關的全球供應鏈管理型態。而物流的核心活動為倉儲及運輸，因此，倉儲營運績效的好壞，在整個供應鏈管理當中，扮演著極重要的角色。
隨著環境的改變，消費者需求的多樣化，使得物流中心每天要處理許多訂單，大多數的物流中心仍需要大量的人力進行揀貨作業，而揀貨作業是項重要且繁雜的工作，能否在合理時間內完成揀貨作業、增快貨品流通速度並避免不必要的儲存成本，使商品能快速的運送到達顧客手中，將直接影響物流中心的經營成本與顧客滿意度。為了要更有效率的處理揀貨作業，如何規劃揀貨員的揀貨策略，以達到提高作業效率的目的，對於物流中心的營運績效、經營成本有著顯著的影響。
本研究所探討的問題屬於物流中心內部訂單揀貨作業之研究，探討對象以捷盟物流中心平行式走道倉儲為主，針對特定時間內的所有訂單，在不同的情境之下，模擬出各種結果，藉此來判斷出在何種情況下，以什麼方法進行揀貨可以使揀貨效率最佳。以吾人所提出之揀貨路徑策略及訂單選取之方法，並搭配揀貨清單的分佈比例等，用模擬軟體測試其總行走距離、總揀貨時間以及系統總執行時間能否有效的減少，以期能達到最佳效能。

摘要(英)

This study deals with the order-picking problem in a warehouse. The picking area of the environment has been divided into different zones. A picker often has to visit more than one zone to pick all items in an order. This environment has one important restriction – no more than one picker can simultaneously be in the same zone. This paper focuses on one problem of this environment, i.e. finding the best zone-visitation sequence a picker can follow. Three zone-visitation sequencing strategies –the dynamic zone-visitation sequencing strategy, the revised-dynamic zone-visitation sequencing strategy and the dynamic-revised zone-visitation sequencing strategy – are proposed and studied for the problem. And ten order-picking solutions are proposed and studied for the problem. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategies in three performance measures –Total System Running Time to complete the picking operations (RT), Total Travel Distance of pickers (Tdist.), and Total Picking Time of pickers (TBT). The simulation results show that the dynamic-revised zone-visitation sequencing strategy is better than the dynamic strategy and the revised-dynamic strategy ,no matter what the performance measures are.

關鍵字(中)

★ 訂單選取法則
★ 揀貨路徑
★ 物流中心

關鍵字(英)

★ Distribution Centre
★ Zone-Visitation Sequencing Strategy
★ Order selection

論文目次

目錄 I
圖目錄 III
表目錄 IV
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 研究環境 2
1.4 研究方法說明 3
1.5 論文架構 4
第二章文獻探討 6
2.1倉庫設計問題 6
2.1.1設施規劃 6
2.1.2倉庫走道設計 8
2.2儲位配置問題 9
2.2.1產品儲位選擇考量 9
2.2.2產品儲位指派 10
2.3訂單揀取安排 11
2.3.1訂單揀取方法 11
2.3.2訂單切割問題 12
2.4揀貨路徑策略 13
2.4.1揀貨路徑安排 13
2.4.2銷售旅行者問題 14
第三章研究方法 16
3.1訂單選取法則 16
3.1.1隨機揀取 16
3.1.2最小懲罰值 16
3.1.2.1範例說明 16
3.1.3最小平均懲罰值 18
3.1.3.1範例說明 19
3.1.4最少重複區域數 19
3.1.4.1範例說明 20
3.1.5最多未重複區域數 20
3.1.5.1範例說明 21
3.1.6最大未重複區域數與重複區域數的比例 21
3.1.6.1範例說明 22
3.1.7最大未重複的區域數與整個訂單所要經過的區域數的比例 22
3.1.7.1範例說明 23
3.1.8 (平均懲罰值/最大平均懲罰值)*(重複區域數/最大重複區域數)最小 23
3.1.8.1範例說明 24
3.1.9漸增權重懲罰值最小 25
3.1.9.1範例說明 25
3.1.10倍增權重懲罰值最小 26
3.1.10.1範例說明 26
3.2揀貨路徑 27
3.2.1『彈性揀貨路徑策略』(Dynamic-sequence strategy) 27
3.2.1.1範例說明 29
3.2.2 『修訂後之彈性揀貨路徑策略』(Revised dynamic-sequence strategy) 30
3.2.2.1範例說明 32
3.2.3 動態修正之彈性揀貨路徑 33
3.2.3.1範例說明 36
第四章模擬實驗與分析 38
4.1前言 38
4.2模擬實驗 38
4.2.1揀貨環境之設定 38
4.2.2總實驗訂單張數 39
4.2.3環境假設與限制條件 39
4.2.4實驗因子組合 40
4.3績效評估準則 42
4.4 ANOVA統計檢定分析 42
4.4.1分析說明 42
4.4.1.1依『系統總執行時間』為績效評估值 42
4.4.1.2依『揀貨員總行走距離』為績效評估值 51
4.4.1.3依『總揀貨時間』為績效評估值 59
4.5實驗結論 67
第五章結論與建議 69
5.1研究結論 69
5.2後續研究建議 69
參考文獻 71
中文文獻 71
英文文獻 71

參考文獻

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2009-7-17

推文