台灣地區大學教育所得分配及過度教育問題之研究

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楊琇淳(Hsiu-chun Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

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產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

台灣地區大學教育所得分配及過度教育問題之研究
(Income Distribution and Overeducation of Tertiary Education in Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

本文目的為探討台灣地區大學教育擴張對大學及其它各級教育所得分配之影響，資料來源為行政院主計處所提供之「人力資源運用調查」原始資料。研究方法採用分量迴歸法，並以Mincer薪資所得模型為基礎設定本文實證模型。
研究結果發現，台灣地區大學教育快速擴張使得大學及其它各級教育的所得分配差距擴大，且教育程度愈低所得分配差距擴大的情形愈嚴重，顯示大學教育擴張對其它各級教育所造成的漣漪效果。研究所及博士教育的所得分配差距卻呈現縮小的情形，可能是由於學歷門檻的限制，使得大學教育對兩者的影響較小，其中博士教育的報酬在各分量間的變化相當穩定，為本文發現的特殊之處。其次，大學教育過度擴張也使得大學畢業生因找不到合適的工作而產生過度教育的問題，本文估計台灣地區大學及專科教育過度教育的比例都各達20%。表示即使接受較高的教育，也無法使得這群人的所得有所提升，甚至低於相鄰較低教育程度者之所得，過度教育不僅拉低各群組中低所得者的所得水準，也使得所得分配的問題更加嚴重。因此，單靠教育政策來改善所得分配的問題是不夠的，應與其他社會福利措施及經濟發展相配合，才能夠有效改善所得分配問題。

摘要(英)

The purpose of this study is to explore the impacts of tertiary educational expansion on income distribution of each educational level during 1990-2005 in Taiwan. The data source used here were the National Survey of Human Resource and Employment. We use quantile regression to estimate rates of return to education and the empirical model is based on Mincer equation.
Most of the literature in this field has estimated the effects of educational expansion on income distribution. We find that the income distribution in each education level is more inequality after rapidly expansion in tertiary education and we call this effect as “ripple effect”. We also find that 20% of tertiary education and junior college graduates were overeducated. One will lose earnings from overeducation and debase the income level of the overeducated.

關鍵字(中)

★ 所得分配
★ 教育擴張
★ 過度教育

關鍵字(英)

★ income distribution
★ educational expansion
★ overeducation

論文目次

目錄......................................................I
圖目錄..................................................III
表目錄...................................................IV
第一章序論...............................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的........................................1
1.2 研究內容與架構........................................5
第二章文獻回顧...........................................6
2.1 人力資本..............................................6
2.1.1 人力資本概念........................................6
2.1.2 人力資本理論的建立..................................6
2.1.3 人力資本與教育投資..................................7
2.2 Mincer薪資所得模型....................................8
2.2.1 Mincer薪資所得模型..................................8
2.2.2 理論模型............................................9
2.3 國內外文獻回顧.......................................13
2.4 大學教育擴張的影響效果...............................17
2.5 本章小結.............................................19
第三章研究方法..........................................20
3.1 計量方法.............................................20
3.1.1 分量迴歸與OLS之比較................................20
3.1.2 分量迴歸模型.......................................21
3.2 資料來源.............................................23
3.3 模型設定.............................................24
3.4 基本統計量...........................................26
3.5 本章小結.............................................27
第四章實證結果分析......................................29
4.1 各級教育實證結果.....................................29
4.2 教育擴張對所得分配之影響.............................37
4.3 過度教育問題.........................................38
4.4 本章小結.............................................42
第五章結論與建議........................................43
5.1 結論.................................................43
5.2 政策建議.............................................45
5.3 未來研究方向.........................................46
參考文獻.................................................47
附錄一...................................................53
附錄二...................................................56

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指導教授

單驥、劉孟俊
(Gee San、Meng-chun Liu)

審核日期

2007-6-27

推文