資訊科技創新應用對企業競爭力的影響 — 一個資訊處理理論的分析

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張定原(Ting-Yuan Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

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資訊科技創新應用對企業競爭力的影響 — 一個資訊處理理論的分析

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摘要(中)

論文摘要
組織資訊處理機制的複雜度，一定程度地受到組織間溝通協調頻繁與否及強弱程度的影響。經由資訊科技的應用，持續提升資訊處理機制的複雜度，產生經營模式的創新，可帶動競爭力的提升，是企業獲利與永續經營的可能思考方向之一。
本研究對Galbraith(1973, 1977)提出的資訊處理理論進行深入瞭解後發現，最早期的觀點除局限在組織內部門間層次外，其資訊處理需求與資訊處理能力配適的均衡屬靜態的觀點。若引入技術創新的觀念後，進一步推論可發現動態的配適狀況，而這動態的配適狀況正可歸納為組織資訊處理機制的趨於複雜化。而資訊處理機制不斷複雜的過程又正可反映企業競爭力提升的結果。
本研究將上述推論過程歸納為八項命題，並採用個案研究法，選定四家國際性企業作為次級資料的蒐集來源；另選定國內四家企業作為初級資料蒐集的來源，並實際進行訪談，共成功訪談九位資深專家。運用蒐集之初級及次級資料檢驗、說明研究命題與真實產業運作現象是否存有差異？
研究發現，中短期而言組織的資訊處理需求與能力的配適均衡點會以鋸齒狀分佈在組織資訊處理需求與能力相等點的軌跡線上，這是一個調整的過程。但長期而言，由於時間區間的拉長，組織的資訊處理需求與能力配適的均衡點會分佈在組織資訊處理需求與能力相等點的軌跡線上。由於組織面對外界環境不斷的變化，組織的資訊處理需求處於動態之中，組織的資訊處理能力為了與不同時間點的資訊處理需求配適，其均衡點會不斷地延著長期均衡配適線，往右上方移動，且配適均衡點越接近右上方，其所對應的資訊處理機制或經營模式越複雜；反之則越簡化。
在不考慮技術進步的前題下，資訊處理機制的複雜度越高，其相對應的可實現競爭力上限會由零開始上升，到達頂點後再下降，最終可能達到負值。但若引進技術進步的觀點後，由於科技的不斷進步，資訊處理機制越複雜，其可實現的最佳競爭力也越大。
本研究在實務上建議，資訊技術較為不足的中小型企業，其資訊處理的機制若太過複雜，極可能使其企業競爭力落在遞減的階段，此時，組織資訊處理機制的複雜度必須在簡繁之間做一權衡取捨。另外，基於企業競爭力是企業價值與成本的函數，本研究將企業可實現價值上限曲線開始與企業最低成本下限曲線相交的點稱為衰退啟始點，企業必須將此所謂的衰退啟始點，儘量地向右方推延，最好不要有實現來臨的一天，企業才能維持競爭力進而永續經營。根據本研究的實証結果，可實現價值上限曲線有其僵固性，向右推延衰退啟始點較為可行的作法，僅有採用資訊科技促使最低成本下限曲線的斜率下降，進而使企業的競爭力進一步提升。

關鍵字(中)

★ 資訊處理理論
★ 組織資訊處理機制
★ 配適
★ 競爭力
★ 衰退啟始點

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
第一章、緒論 1
第一節研究背景 1
第二節研究動機與目的 4
第三節研究範圍及研究進行的程序 7
第二章、文獻探討 9
第一節資訊處理理論 9
一、資訊處理理論的緣起 9
二、資訊處理理論的整合與擴充解釋 15
三、小結與本研究概念性架構的形成 19
第二節資訊處理機制複雜度與競爭力 21
一、任務型態與複雜度 21
二、資訊處理機制與複雜度 23
三、競爭力 25
三、小結 27
第三節技術創新 28
一、經濟學領域的技術創新觀點 28
二、產業界的技術創新觀點經營模式的創新與獲利 30
三、小結 33
第三章、理論推導 34
第一節傳統資訊處理理論的配適均衡過程 34
第二節由資訊處理理論推論資訊處理機制複雜度的變化 45
第三節經由資訊處理理論及訊處理機制複雜度解釋競爭力的改善 51
第四節小結 64
第四章、研究方法與設計 65
第一節分析單元 68
第二節個案的選擇 70
第三節資料蒐集方法 73
第四節資料的簡化與分析方法 76
第五節研究品質 78
第五章、次級資料分析 81
第一節個案公司資訊處理機制的發展歷程 81
第二節擴充後資訊處理理論的檢驗與說明 91
第三節研究命題與個案的比對 107
第六章、初級資料分析 122
第一節個案公司資訊處理機制的發展歷程 122
第二節擴充後資訊處理理論的檢驗與說明 136
第三節研究命題與個案的比對 150
第七章、結論及建議 163
第一節研究發現 163
第二節理論意涵 169
第三節實務意涵 170
第四節研究限制與對後續研究的建議 173
參考文獻 175
附錄一：徵求個案計劃書與邀請函 185
附錄二：訪談綱要 186
附錄三：訪談問題 187

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指導教授

范錚強(Cheng-Kiang Farn)

審核日期

2005-7-20

推文