摘要(英) |
Recent strong earthquakes reveal that characteristics of ground vibration are affected by the shape and depth of the bedrock significantly. To predict the strong ground motions of a region thus require the information regarding the three dimensional distribution of the bedrock and soil layer of that region.
Generally, in the prediction of the strong ground motions of a region, the rigorous analytical solution is formidable due to the complexity of the bedrock and soil layer and thus numerical methods are adopted. In this study, we use program FDM3D, which is a staggered-grid finite-difference method in combination with the parallel computing technique, to simulate the ground vibration response of the 3D elastic model.
For a site subjected to different sizes of earthquakes, the characteristics of ground vibration are different, indicating that using the result of small earthquake to predict the ground responses of strong earthquakes is not appropriate. This study also found the importance of the underground-structure for predicting the surface ground motions. It is recommended that the distribution of earthquake bedrock should be determined within a distance of 3 km in the vicinity of the desired region. |
參考文獻 |
Akamatsu, J., H. Saito, M. Jido, H. Morikawa, K. Nishimura, and M. Komazawa (1996). "Effects of irregular bedrock configuration in a sedimentary basin on ground vibration characteristics," proceeding of 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, No. 1655.
Cerjan, C., D. Kosloff, R. Kosloff, and M. Reshef (1985). "A nonreflecting boundary condition for discrete acoustic and elastic wave equations," Geophysics 50, 705-708.
Clayton, R. W. and B. Engquist (1977). "Absorbing boundary conditions for acoustic and elastic wave equations," Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 67, 1529- 1540.
Dravinski, M. (2007). "Scattering of waves by a sedimentary basin with a corrugated interface," Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 97, 256-264.
Gottschammer, E. and K. B. Olsen (2001). "Accuracy of the explicit planar free-surface boundary condition implemented in a fourth-order staggered- grid velocity-stress finite-difference scheme," Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 91, 617-623.
Graves, R. W. (1996). "Simulating seismic wave propagation in 3-D elastic media using staggered-grid finite differences," Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 86, 1091-1106.
Levander, A. R. (1988). "Fourth-order finite-difference P-SV seismograms," Geophysics 53, 1425-1436.
Motosaka, M., M. Nagano (1997). "Analysis of amplification characteristics of ground motions in the heavily damaged belt zone during the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 26, 377-393.
Ohbo, N., T. Iwatate, F. Yagishita, and M. Shibata (1995). "Case studies of lateral geological inhomogeneity and wooden house damage during past earthquake in Japan," proceedings of 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, vol. 1, 399-404.
Pitarka, A. (1999). "3D elastic finite-difference modeling of seismic motion using staggered grids with non-uniform spacing," Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89, 54-68.
Tanaka, K., O. Kurimoto, and N. Fukuwa (2000). "Effects of underground topographical irregularity to seismic amplification in the Nobi plain," proceeding of 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, No. 805.
Virieux, J. (1986). "P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneous media: velocity-stress finite-difference method," Geophysics 51, 889-901.
日本建築学会,1992。¬¬「地震荷重-その現状と将来の展望」。
坂井康伸,2001。「有限差分法を用いた京都盆地のやや長周期地震動の評価」,京都大学修士論文。
涂正憲,2007。「不規則地震基盤對地表地震動的影響」,國立中央大學碩士論文。
張玉,2005。「電磁場並行運算」,西安電子科技大學出版社,第148-154頁。
都志輝,2001。「高性能計算並行編程技術─MPI並行程序設計」,清華大學出版社。 |