鋰鈉鉀離子在鹼質與粒料反應中的競逐行為研究

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鄭竹均(Chu-chun Cheng) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

鋰鈉鉀離子在鹼質與粒料反應中的競逐行為研究
(Li Na K ion exile competitive conduct the research of reactivity on Alkali-aggregate reaction)

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摘要(中)

本研究探討三項主題：(1) Li＋、Na＋及K＋與活性粒料粉體的反應行為、(2) Li＋、Na＋及K＋與水泥水化產物的結合行為、及(3) Li＋取代已結合於水泥水化產物或鹼矽膠體內之Na＋及K＋行為，以分析Li＋抑制鹼－矽反應的機理。試驗粒料包括東河變質砂岩、Pyrex玻璃及矽砂，使用的鹼金屬化合物包括NaOH、KOH、LiOH．H2O及LiNO3。結果顯示，在Li＋、Na＋及K＋與活性粉體反應研究方面，發現活性粉體浸泡含Na＋及K＋溶液時，浸泡時間增加，SiO2的溶出量、OH－的減少量及Na＋、K＋的減少量均會增加；但浸泡於含Li＋溶液時，與浸泡含Na+及K+溶液比較，發現OH－減少量較多，SiO2溶出量低很多，而Li＋的減少量較高，顯示Li化合物會直接與粒料中的活性矽反應，生成溶解度較低、不會吸水膨脹的物質。在Li＋、Na＋及K＋與水泥水化結合研究方面，發現結合於水化產物的比例為Li＋＞Na＋＞K＋，顯示實務上添加鋰化合物以抑制ASR膨脹時，需足量添加，否則可能會造成更大的膨脹，而添加LiNO3的結合比例會大於添加LiOH．H2O。在Li＋取代結合於水泥水化產物內之Na＋及K＋能力研究方面，發現LiNO3較LiOH．H2O取代能力為佳，此外，Li＋濃度愈高、浸泡時間愈久，則取代量愈多，顯示實務上已噴灑或浸泡的方法維修受ASR影響的構造物，可能會有效，但所需時間及效果仍待評估。

摘要(英)

There are three primary objectives in this research. The first is to evaluate the affect of reaction of Li＋, Na＋, K＋ to reactive aggregate powder. Second is to determine the combination of Li＋, Na＋, K＋ in hydration product. The third is to evaluate the suppression function by assessing the reactivity in the utilization of lithium ion as a replacement in cment hydration products combination or ASR gel.
The materials used for the experiments are Ton-River aggregate, Pyrex glass and silica. In addition, alkali composition used include NaOH, KOH, LiOH. H2O and LiNO3.
The result shows that reaction of Li＋, Na＋, K＋ affects the reactive powder. The immersion of reactive aggregate in Na＋, K＋ will give added timing which will cause the dissolution of silica content, drop of hydroxil ions and an increase in Na＋, K＋. However, when immersed in Li＋ liquid, the reduction of hydroxyl ions will increase and dissolution of silica content will be lower. The dramatic reduction due to Li＋ prove that Li＋reactivon to the reactive aggregate are more direct. Its lower dissolution prevented the swelling of the material.
Regarding the Li＋, Na＋, K＋ combination of hydrationn products, the research discover that the proportion of the hydration product are Li＋> Na＋> K＋. The implication of this is that the quantity of the admixture should be adequate to prevent the ASR from swelling while Li composition is added. The combination of LiNO3 proportion shall be greater than LiOH.H2O.
With regards to the reactivity in the utilization of Li＋ in replacing the cement hydration product combination, it is discovered that the capacity of replacement by LiNO3 is better than LiOH.H2O. In addition, the increase in Li＋ concentration and the increase in the duration of immersed time will increase the replacement. This implies that the spray or immersion approach is good for correction of structure damaged by ASR. However further evaluation requires more time.

關鍵字(中)

★ 活性粒料
★ 水泥漿
★ 砂漿
★ 鹼－矽反應
★ 鋰離子

關鍵字(英)

★ mortars
★ hydroxyl ions
★ alkali-silica reaction (ASR)
★ reactive aggregate
★ cement paste

論文目次

第一章緒論 - 1 -
1-1 研究起源與動機 - 1 -
1-2 研究目的 - 2 -
第二章文獻回顧 - 3 -
2-1 鹼質與粒料反應之種類 - 3 -
2-1-1 鹼－氧化矽反應( ASR ) - 3 -
2-1-2 鹼－矽酸鹽反應 - 4 -
2-1-3 鹼－碳酸鹽反應( ACR ) - 5 -
2-2 影響 ASR 反應的條件 - 5 -
2-2-1 混凝土內部需含有活性粒料 - 6 -
2-2-2 混凝孔隙溶液內需含有足夠的氫氧化鹼 - 6 -
2-2-3 足夠的濕度 - 6 -
2-3 鹼質與粒料反應預防及維修方法 - 7 -
2-3-1 新拌混凝土預防方法 - 7 -
2-3-2 硬固混凝土之維修方式 - 7 -
2-4 鋰化合物抑制ASR機理 - 8 -
2-4-1 鋰化合物改變ASR產物之能力 - 8 -
2-4-2 鋰抑制矽溶出之成效 - 10 -
2-4-3 鋰減少ASR膠體微粒間的排斥力[23] - 11 -
2-5 鋰化合物抑制鹼質與粒料反應之有效用量 - 11 -
2-6 孔隙溶液和水泥水化產物對ASR的影響 - 14 -
2-7 ASR 膠體的組成成分及分析方法 - 16 -
2-7-1 鹼矽膠體組成成分 - 16 -
2-7-2 ASR膠體分析方法 - 16 -
第三章試驗規劃 - 18 -
3-1 試驗材料 - 18 -
3-1-1 水泥 - 18 -
3-1-2粒料 - 19 -
3-1-3拌合水 - 21 -
3-1-4藥劑 - 21 -
3-2試驗規劃 - 22 -
3-3 試驗方法及設備 - 29 -
3-3-1 活性粒料的處理 - 29 -
3-3-3粒料粉體與溶液中Li＋、Na＋及K＋間之反應行為分析方法 - 30 -
3-3-2 水泥漿及水泥砂漿試體內游離態陽離子含量分析方法 - 33 -
3-4實驗參數與符號說明 - 41 -
第四章試驗結果與討論 - 46 -
4-1 Li＋、Na＋及K＋與活性粒料粉體之反應行為分析 - 46 -
4-1-1 粒料粉體浸泡於鹼金屬溶液中的SiO2溶出行為 - 46 -
4-1-2 不同鹼金屬溶液與活性粒料反應行為 - 53 -
4-2 Li＋、Na＋及K＋與水泥水化產物結合之行為分析 - 56 -
4-2-1 水泥漿試體內Li＋、Na＋及K＋與水泥水化產物結合之行為分析 - 57 -
4-2-1-1 改變水泥含鹼當量時Na＋結合於水化產物之行為 - 57 -
4-2-1-2 不同含鹼量在不同養護時間時，水化產物結合不同鹼金屬之行為 - 58 -
4-2-2 水泥砂漿試體內Li＋、Na＋及K＋與水泥水化產物結合之行為分析 - 65 -
4-2-2-1 改變砂漿試體內水泥含鹼量對Na＋結合於水泥砂漿程度影響 - 66 -
4-2-2-2 改變砂漿試體內活性粒料/水泥比對Na＋結合於水泥砂漿程度影響 - 67 -
4-2-2-3 不同含鹼量在不同養護時間時，活性粒料對水化產物結合不同鹼金屬之影響 - 69 -
4-3 Li＋取代結合於水泥水化產物內之Na＋及K＋能力分析 - 84 -
4-3-1 水泥漿粉末浸泡於鋰溶液中分析Li＋取代已固結於水化產物 Na＋及K＋能力 - 85 -
4-3-1-1 Li＋取代不同含鹼量水泥水化產物內Na＋及K＋之能力 - 85 -
4-3-1-2 Li＋取代不同養護時間時水泥水化產物內Na＋及K＋能力分析 - 86 -
4-3-1-3 浸泡時間改變對Li＋取代已固結於水化產物Na＋及K＋能力影響 - 88 -
4-3-1-4 浸泡Li溶液種類改變對Li＋取代水泥水化產物內Na＋及K＋能力影響 - 90 -
4-3-1-5 浸泡Li＋溶液濃度改變對Li＋取代水泥水化產物內Na＋及K＋能力影響 - 93 -
4-3-2 利用水泥砂漿試體粉末浸泡於鋰化合物內分析Li＋取代結合於水化產物及活性粒料內Na＋、K＋取代能力之影響 - 96 -
4-3-2-1 水泥砂漿試體粉浸泡不同Li濃度，分析Li＋對水化產物內Na＋、K＋取代能力之影響 - 96 -
4-3-2-2 水泥砂漿試體粉浸泡不同Li化合物，分析Li＋對水化產物內Na＋、K＋取代能力之影響 - 98 -
4-4 綜合討論 - 100 -
第五章結論與建議 - 103 -
5-1結論 - 103 -
5-2建議 - 104 -
參考文獻 - 106 -

參考文獻

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指導教授

李釗(Chau Lee)

審核日期

2009-7-17

推文