兼具公平交換與顧客匿名特性之數位內容線上交易協定

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劉定衢(Ding-Chyu Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

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資訊管理學系

論文名稱

兼具公平交換與顧客匿名特性之數位內容線上交易協定
(A Fair-exchange and Customer-anonymity Electronic Commerce Protocol for Digital Content Transactions)

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摘要(中)

「公平交換」與「顧客匿名」是電子商務協定的兩個重要特性。然而在既有的協定中，多數只強調公平交換，僅少數協定兼具此二特性。本研究採用可靠之密碼學技術並以依次收費為交易模式，再結合離線式仲裁者及銀行，提出新的電子商務協定，以支援數位內容線上交易。此協定除確保兩項重要特性外，更改善過去相關研究的缺點。
此新協定包含協商、提款、購買與仲裁等四個交易階段，經審慎之協定分析，確能滿足公平交換與顧客匿名兩特性，且能確保付款安全；在計算效率上，新協定也優於相關的電子商務協定。除協定分析外，本研究另以「協定雛型」及「模式檢驗」對新協定做深入驗證。協定雛型證明新協定確實可運作，再經實驗設計發現非對稱式金鑰長度為影響協定效能之主因。藉由模式檢驗，新協定能達到期望被滿足的公平交換特性；如允許系統及網路於交易過程中故障，透過模式檢驗則能獲得違反公平交換特性的反例，依據這些反例，本研究設計協定之擴充部份，賦予協定參與者具備自系統故障或網路中斷復原後，繼續進行未完成交易之能力。經由三種不同觀點的驗證方法，本研究證明提出的新協定為妥適的設計，並期望因提供顧客匿名特性，進而提高顧客從事數位內容線上交易之意願。

摘要(英)

Fair exchange and customer anonymity are two important characteristics that e-commerce protocols are needed to address. However, the majority of the existing protocols only focus on fair exchange, and few of them discuss customer anonymity. This research adopts state-of-the-art cryptography techniques, uses the pay-per-use business model, combines the off-line arbitrator and the bank, and then proposes a new e-commerce protocol for digital contents transactions. This new protocol can ensure both characteristics and remedy the flaws of the related protocols.
The proposed e-commerce protocol consists of negotiating, withdrawing, purchasing and arbitrating phases. By scrupulous protocol analysis, it can achieve fair exchange, customer anonymity and payment security. Compared with the most related protocol, the new protocol has better efficiency. Besides protocol analysis, this research uses “protocol prototype” and “model checking” to do thorough verifications. The protocol prototype proves that the new protocol is workable when it is implemented in the real world. By experimental designs, this research identifies the length of asymmetric keys as the main factor to affect protocol performance. The model-checking result shows that the new protocol does indeed have the desirable properties for fairness. This research also introduces failures into communication processes and participant processes and then obtains counterexamples by the FDR. This research extends the new protocol based on these counterexamples. Protocol extensions can provide protocol participants with the capability for failure resilience. Through three kinds of verification methods, this research proves that the new protocol is well-designed. This research also expects that the new protocol has significant potential for flourishing e-commence transactions because it can keep customer anonymity.

關鍵字(中)

★ 電子現金
★ 模式檢驗
★ 數位內容
★ 顧客匿名
★ 電子商務協定
★ 公平交換

關鍵字(英)

★ electronic cash
★ e-commerce protocol
★ fair exchange
★ customer anonymity
★ model checking
★ digital content

論文目次

ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................I
摘要.......................................................................................................................................... II
誌謝........................................................................................................................................ III
CONTENTS...........................................................................................................................IV
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................VI
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................VII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUNDS ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 MOTIVATIONS.................................................................................................................. 3
1.3 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 RESEARCH PROCESS........................................................................................................ 6
1.5 CONTRIBUTIONS.............................................................................................................. 7
1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THIS DISSERTATION ........................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS ........................................................................... 9
2.1 FAIR-EXCHANGE PROTOCOLS.......................................................................................... 9
2.2 ANONYMOUS ELECTRONIC CASH.................................................................................. 11
2.3 FAIR-EXCHANGE AND CUSTOMER-ANONYMITY PROTOCOLS ......................................... 16
2.3.1 Zhang et al.’s Anonymous and Fair-exchange Protocol ...................................... 16
2.3.2 Ray et al.’s Anonymous and Fair-exchange Protocol .......................................... 19
2.4 FORMAL VERIFICATIONS FOR E-COMMERCE PROTOCOLS .............................................. 21
2.4.1 Formal Verification Methods................................................................................ 21
2.4.2 Desirable Properties of E-commerce Protocols................................................... 23
2.4.3 Model Checkers.................................................................................................... 24
2.5 FAILURE-RESILIENCE MECHANISMS .............................................................................. 27
2.6 SUMMARY..................................................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 3 THE PROPOSED E-COMMERCE PROTOCOL................................... 30
3.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 30
3.2 PROTOCOL PARTICIPANTS, NOTATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS ........................................... 31
3.3 THE PROCESS OF THE PROPOSED E-COMMERCE PROTOCOL.......................................... 34
3.3.1 Negotiating Phase ................................................................................................ 36
3.3.2 Withdrawing Phase .............................................................................................. 37
3.3.3 Purchasing Phase................................................................................................. 39
3.3.4 Arbitrating Phase ................................................................................................. 44
3.4 SUMMARY..................................................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 4 PROTOCOL ANALYSIS AND PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION .. 47
4.1 PROTOCOL ANALYSES AND COMPARISONS .................................................................... 47
4.1.1 Fair Exchange ...................................................................................................... 47
4.1.2 Customer Anonymity ............................................................................................ 49
4.1.3 Payment Security.................................................................................................. 51
4.1.4 Shortcoming Improvements and Efficiency Comparisons.................................... 52
4.2 PROTOCOL PROTOTYPE ................................................................................................. 56
4.2.1 Prototype Implementation .................................................................................... 56
4.2.2 Performance Evaluations..................................................................................... 58
4.3 SUMMARY..................................................................................................................... 64
CHAPTER 5 MODEL CHECKING................................................................................. 66
5.1 SCOPES AND PROPERTIES .............................................................................................. 66
5.2 MODELING AND CHECKING........................................................................................... 67
5.2.1 Modeling Communication Processes and Channels ............................................ 68
5.2.2 Modeling Participant Processes .......................................................................... 71
5.2.3 Modeling Desirable Properties ............................................................................ 77
5.2.4 Modeling Systems................................................................................................. 79
5.2.5 Model Checking by the FDR ................................................................................ 80
5.3 INTRODUCING FAILURES INTO PROTOCOL PROCESSES................................................... 80
5.3.1 Allowing Failures over Communication Process................................................. 81
5.3.2 Allowing Failures in the Customer Process......................................................... 83
5.3.3 Allowing Failures in the Merchant Process ......................................................... 85
5.3.4 Allowing Failures in the Bank Process ................................................................ 87
5.4 EXTENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED PROTOCOL FOR FAILURE RESILIENCE.......................... 89
5.4.1 Protocol Extensions.............................................................................................. 89
5.4.2 Failure Analyses................................................................................................... 93
5.5 SUMMARY..................................................................................................................... 98
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS............................................. 100
6.1 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 100
6.2 FUTURE WORKS .......................................................................................................... 103
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 104
APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................... 109

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指導教授

林熙禎(Shi-Jen Lin)

審核日期

2008-6-20

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