導入評價系統來改善點對點檔案分享系統中free-riders的問題

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姓名

曾偉純(Wei-Chun Tseng) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊管理學系

論文名稱

導入評價系統來改善點對點檔案分享系統中free-riders的問題
(Using a Reputation System to Improve the Problems of Free-riders in Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems)

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摘要(中)

隨著網際網路的快速發展及點對點系統的便利，因此有愈來愈多人使用點對點網路以分享及獲取所需的資源，要如何維護點對點檔案分享系統中使用者的權益，促進每個使用者分享檔案，減少free-riders的問題，需提供足夠的動機誘因。且檔案的品質可能良莠不齊或名不副實，使用者耗費很多資源以下載這些檔案，造成整個網路頻寬的浪費，所以需要有一套措施，選擇信賴的節點以下載檔案。因上述的理由，本研究想要設計兼具下列特性的評價機制：(1)改善檔案內容的正確及品質、(2)選擇可以信賴的節點及(3)提高free-riders對資源的貢獻率。
本研究的評價機制包含四個階段，分別為：(1)檔案的搜尋、(2)選擇適當的節點、(3)檔案的下載及(4)檔案的下載的評分。此評價的機制特點在計算兩部分評分值，即節點對檔案的擁有者評分及系統計算節點所分享資源的評分，前者可以改善節點所分享檔案內容的品質，後者提一獎勵機制以促進節點分享資源，所以可同時改善合理化攻擊中內容的限制及資源的限制問題，而其他改善free-riders問題的相關方案，效用函數、信用系統及代幣的應用可以改善資源的限制問題，使用者的反饋可以改善內容的限制問題，但卻都只有改善一項問題，本研究的評價機制則可同時改善內容的限制以及資源的限制問題，減少free-riders所造成的各項問題。

摘要(英)

As the internet is quickly expanded and the peer-to-peer file sharing system is convenient, more and more people use peer-to-peer file sharing systems to get the resources. How to assure rights and interests of users in peer-to-peer file sharing systems, promote every user to share files and reduce the problems of free-riders? To provide enough motivation is the critical factor. Moreover, the quality of files may be uneven. Users have to consume resources to download these files. It will engage the broadland of internet. Therefore we need a way to choose trustworthy peers to download files. Based on above-mentioned, the purpose of this paper is to design a reputation system which has three features, include (1) improving the accuracy and quality of files, (2) choosing trustworthy peers, and (3) increasing the contribution to free-riders.
In this paper, we purpose a four phase reputation system, include (1) searching phase, (2) choosing phase, (3) downloading phase, and (4) evaluating phase. The feature of our system is to compute two portion of reputation scores, such as peer reputation and system reputation. The former can improve the quality of files which are shared by the peers. The latter can stimulate peers to share files. So our reputation system can both improve content restriction and resource restriction in rational attack. But other schemes can only improve one of the restriction. Therefore our reputation system can improve the accuracy and quality of files and increase the contribution to free-riders.

關鍵字(中)

★ 評價系統
★ free-riders
★ 點對點
★ 檔案分享系統
★ 內容的限制

關鍵字(英)

★ file sharing systems
★ content restriction
★ reputation systems
★ free-riders
★ peer-to-peer

論文目次

第一章緒論１
1-1 研究背景１
1-1-1 點對點網路的特徵及應用１
1-1-2 點對點網路的架構１
1-1-3 Free-riders的定義及帶來的威脅４
1-2 研究動機５
1-3 研究目的６
1-4 研究方法７
1-5 各章節架構８
第二章相關文獻探討１０
2-1 點對點網路問題的探討１０
2-1-1 低階層的攻擊１１
2-1-2 中階層的攻擊１３
2-1-3 點對點的階層的攻擊１５
2-1-4 小結１７
2-2 FREE-RIDERS的問題及解決技術的探討１８
2-2-1 效用函數１８
2-2-2 信用系統２２
2-2-3 代幣的應用２４
2-2-4 使用者的反饋２５
2-2-5 小結２７
2-3 評價系統的探討２８
2-3-1 XRep協定２８
2-3-2 DCRC及CORC ３３
2-4 小結３５
第三章系統架構設計３６
3-1 系統假設３６
3-2 系統流程總覽３７
3-3 系統流程說明３９
3-3-1 檔案的搜尋３９
3-3-2 選擇適當的節點４１
3-3-3 檔案的下載４２
3-3-4 檔案下載的評分４４
3-3-5 小結４９
第四章系統實作及評估５１
4-1 核心系統實作５１
4-1-1 系統實作架構５１
4-1-2 系統實作環境５２
4-1-3 系統功能實作５４
4-2 系統評估５７
4-2-1 誠實的節點率５８
4-2-2 節點數６８
第五章結論及未來研究方向７７
5-1 結論７７
5-2 未來研究方向７８
5-2-1 評價代理人的機制７９
5-2-2 可激勵節點分享檔案的誘因７９
5-2-3 應用在各點對點檔案分享系統７９
參考文獻及網站８０
中文參考文獻８０
英文參考文獻８０
參考網站８３

參考文獻

中文參考文獻
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英文參考文獻
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參考網站
31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P2P
32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf_distribution
33. http://www.gnutella.com/
34. http://www.kazaa.com
35. http://www.napster.com/
36. http://www.neurogrid.net/twiki/bin/view/Main/PeerToPeerSimulation

指導教授

林熙禎(Shi-Jen Lin)

審核日期

2007-7-12

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