壓力容器與引流管接合處之軸對稱有限元素分析

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葉坤豪(Kung-Haung Yeh) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

壓力容器與引流管接合處之軸對稱有限元素分析

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摘要(中)

針對壓力容器其中三種基本構造端板(平板形、錐形及半球形)與引流管間，因接合處不連續應力(Discontinuity Stress)而產生之應力集中現象，造成最大剪應力在此處出現極大進行分析。最後文中提出一種施加強化環壓(Reinforced Ringlike Pressure)的有效解決方式，希望對未來壓力容器設計製造業者提供一個參考途徑，俾能循序漸進找出未來最適當『鍋爐及壓力容器』的安全檢查構造標準(Code)制訂方式，提供主管機關制訂相關法規之參考依據。
而自行撰寫之有限元素程式，以Auto-mesh的方式，將全域座標及元素與節點關係自動計算，除了方便增加分割元素數，更可輕易模組化，以適應各種不同複雜形狀之結構。

摘要(英)

The research is made use of the finite element method to analyze the stress concentration of the joined part of the axisymmetric pressure vessel and duct. The C0 uncoupled triangular tori have been used to separate the whole domain into small elements of limited numbers. Then depending on the principle of minimum potential energy, the energy functional will be established. Setting the partial derivatives with respect to the displacement of each node to zero, we acquire the governing equations of the whole construction.
As far as concerned the pressure vessel, there exists the stress concentration, due to the discontinuity stresses between the joined part and one of the 3 kinds of basic end board (flat, conical, and sphere) of pressure vessel. This phenomenon will cause the maximum shear stress appears biggest while proceeding the analysis. Therefore, we hand in an efficacious means about applying a reinforced ringlike pressure on somewhere we concerned. We wish we could offer a reference path to the pressure vessel design manufacturer in the future, and gradually find out the most suitable "Boiler and Pressure Vessel" code of safety standard. According to the above, the superintendent could draw up the relative laws.
The finite element program composed with auto-mesh generation will automatically calculate the coordinates and relationships of each element and its nodes. Except convenience to increase partition element numbers, it can be modularized easily to fit the construction of the different kinds of the complicated form as well.

關鍵字(中)

★ 軸對稱
★ 有限元素
★ 壓力容器
★ 強化環壓

關鍵字(英)

★ axisymmetric
★ finite element
★ pressure vessel
★ reinforced ringlike pressure

論文目次

第一章緒論…………………………………………………1
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………………3
第三章有限元素法的推導…………………………………4
3.1引言……………………………………………………4
3.2元素及形狀函數………………………………………4
3.3軸對稱有限元素分析…………………………………11
3.4等參元素與座標轉換…………………………………15
3.5能量法…………………………………………………21
3.6元素勁性矩陣…………………………………………24
3.7元素等效節點力………………………………………27
3.7.1元素徹體力……………………………………28
3.7.2表面元素力……………………………………29
3.8數值積分………………………………………………32
3.9應力解的後續處理……………………………………35
3.9.1元素應力………………………………………37
3.9.2節點應力………………………………………38
3.9.3比較……………………………………………38
3.10流程圖 ………………………………………………40
第四章數值分析實例與結果………………………………41
4.1程式收歛測試…………………………………………42
4.1.1受均佈側壓之圓形平板………………………42
4.1.2受內壓之圓管…………………………………44
4.2平板形端板之壓力容器與引流管……………………47
4.2.1全域分析………………………………………49
4.2.2重點域分析……………………………………51
4.3錐形端板之壓力容器與引流管………………………58
4.3.1半錐角30度……………………………………59
4.3.2半錐角45度……………………………………64
4.3.3半錐角60度……………………………………70
4.4半球形端板之壓力容器與引流管……………………76
4.5強化環壓………………………………………………83
4.5.1強化環壓對半球形端板的影響………………84
4.5.2強化環壓對錐形端板的影響…………………87
4.5.3強化環壓對平板形端板的影響………………94
第五章結論…………………………………………………97
附錄……………………………………………………………100
參考文獻………………………………………………………102

參考文獻

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指導教授

黃豐元(Fuang-Yuan Huang)

審核日期

2000-7-17

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