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姓名 黃筱娟(HSIAO-CHUAN HUANG) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 產業經濟研究所 論文名稱 絕對所得、所得不均度與相對所得對個人健康的影響-台灣老人的實證研究
(The Effect of Absolute Income, Income Inequality, and Relative Income on Individual Health:the Empirical Study of the Elderly in Taiwan)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 本文的研究目的,是以台灣老人為研究對象,來檢驗絕對所得假說(the absolute income hypothesis)、所得不均度假說(the income inequality hypothesis)與相對所得假說(the relative income hypothesis)此三個假說。絕對所得假說是假定個人所得會對個人健康產生正向的影響;所得不均度假說是假定所得分配的惡化會危害個人的健康;相對所得假說是假定個人所得相對於區域平均所得愈低,則會對個人的健康產生負面的影響。本文的資料來源,主要來自1989年與1996年行政院衛生署國民健康局「台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」。本文採用老人的自評健康狀況與老人於資料調查期間的存活月數,作為衡量老人個人健康的指標,使用ordered probit模型與Cox比例風險模型(Cox proportional hazards model),來檢驗絕對所得假說、所得不均度假說與相對所得假說。
在檢驗絕對所得假說的實證結果當中,多數顯示老人的個人所得會對老人的自評健康狀況產生正向的影響,但是不會影響老人的死亡風險。在檢驗所得不均度假說的實證結果當中,多數是不支持所得不均度假說,顯示所得不均度不會影響老人的個人健康。在檢驗相對所得假說的實證結果當中,多數的區域平均所得變數的係數是顯著的,然而區域平均所得對老人個人健康的影響方向,與相對所得假說的預期符號相反,依據本文的實證結果,多數顯示區域平均所得會對老人的個人健康產生正向的影響。
摘要(英) The purpose of this study is to examine the absolute income hypothesis, the income inequality hypothesis, and the relative income hypothesis. The absolute income hypothesis proposes that individual income has a positive effect on individual health status. The income inequality hypothesis proposes that income inequality harms individual health status. The relative income hypothesis proposes that a low relative income has a detrimental effect on individual health status. We use the 1989 and 1996 Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan. We use elderly’’s self-reported health status and survival time during the survey period as the measures of elderly’’s health status. We apply the ordered probit model and Cox proportional hazards model to test the absolute income hypothesis, the income inequality hypothesis, and the relative income hypothesis.
According to our empirical results, individual income has a positive effect on elderly’’s self-reported health status, but it has no effect on elderly’’s mortality risk. There is few supports for the income inequality hypothesis and it reveals that income inequality does not affect elderly’’s health status. Contrary to the prediction of the relative income hypothesis, our results show that the regional mean income has a positive effect on elderly’’s health status.
關鍵字(中) ★ 老人
★ 健康狀況
★ 絕對所得
★ 所得不均度
★ 相對所得關鍵字(英) ★ elderly
★ health status
★ absolute income
★ income inequality
★ relative income論文目次 目錄……………………………………………………………………… i
表目錄…………………………………………………………………… ii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………… 1
第一節、研究背景………………………………………………… 1
第二節、研究目的………………………………………………… 3
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………… 5
第一節、絕對所得假說…………………………………………… 5
第二節、所得不均度假說………………………………………… 7
第三節、相對所得假說…………………………………………… 11
第四節、小結……………………………………………………… 13
第三章 實證分析方法………………………………………………… 14
第一節、前言……………………………………………………… 14
第二節、Ordered Probit模型……………………………………… 15
第三節、Cox比例風險模型……………………………………… 16
第四章 資料來源與變數說明………………………………………… 19
第一節、資料來源………………………………………………… 19
第二節、變數說明………………………………………………… 20
第三節、樣本特性………………………………………………… 30
第五章 實證分析結果………………………………………………… 35
第一節、Ordered Probit模型的實證結果………………………… 35
第二節、Cox比例風險模型的實證結果………………………… 41
第三節、比較兩個模型的實證結果……………………………… 47
第四節、敏感度分析……………………………………………… 51
第六章 結論…………………………………………………………… 57
第一節、結論……………………………………………………… 57
第二節、研究限制………………………………………………… 58
參考文獻………………………………………………………………… 60
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4. Duleep, Harriet Orcutt (1986), "Measuring the Effect of Income on Adult Mortality Using Longitudinal Administrative Record Data." Journal of Human Resources 21 (2): 238-251.
5. Gerdtham, Ulf-G., and Magnus Johannesson (2004), "Absolute Income, Relative Income, Income Inequality, and Mortality." Journal of Human Resources 39 (1): 228-247.
6. Kennedy, Bruce P., Ichiro Kawachi, Robert Glass, and Deborah Prothrow-Stith (1998), "Income Distribution, Socioeconomic Status, and Self Rated Health in the United States: Multilevel Analysis." British Medical Journal 317(7163): 917-21.
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8. Lochner, Kim, Elsie Pamuk, Diane Makuc, Bruce Kennedy, and Ichiro Kawachi (2001), "State-Level Income Inequality and Individual Mortality Risk: A Prospective, Multilevel Study." American Journal of Public Health 91(3): 385-91.
9. Lorgelly Paula K, and Joanne Lindley (2008), " What is the Relationship between Income Inequality and Health? Evidence from the BHPS. " Health Economics 17(2): 249-265.
10. Lynch, John W., George Davey Smith, George A. Kaplan, and James S. House (2000), "Income Inequality and Mortality: Importance to Health of Individual Income, Psychosocial Environment, or Material Conditions." British Medical Journal 320: 1200-1204.
11. Mellor, Jennifer M., and Jeffrey Milyo (2002), "Income Inequality and Health Status in the United States: Evidence from the Current Population Survey." The Journal of Human Resources 37(3): 510-539.
12. Miller, Douglas L., and Christina Paxson (2006), "Relative Income, Race, and Mortality." Journal of Health Economics 25(5): 979-1003.
13. Smith, James P. (1999), "Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation Between Health and Economic Status." Journal of Economic Perspectives 13(2): 145-66.
14. Snyder, Stephen E., and William N. Evans (2006), "The Effect of Income on Mortality: Evidence from the Social Security Notch." The Review of Economics and Statistics 88(3): 482-495.
15. Waldmann, Robert J. (1992), "Income Distribution and Infant Mortality." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107(4): 1283-1302.
16. Wildman, John, Hugh Gravelle, and Matthew Sutton (2003), "Health and Income Inequality: Attempting to Avoid the Aggregation Problem." Applied Economics 35: 999-1004.
指導教授 蔡偉德(Wei-Der Tsai) 審核日期 2010-1-25 推文 plurk
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