應用駕駛模擬器探討震動防撞警示系統之技術開發與研究

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姓名

邱鵬嚴(peng-yan chiu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

應用駕駛模擬器探討震動防撞警示系統之技術開發與研究

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摘要(中)

在世界各國先進安全車輛研究中，為能有效減少事故死亡傷害，因而依據不同的意外事故而發展出許多不同型式防撞警示系統用於避免事故發生。防撞警示系統功能在於對危及駕駛者的突發事件提供警示使駕駛者有充分實反應時間作出迴避行動，因此防撞警示系統必須要能在事故發生前，能有效提醒駕駛者進行後續反應動作避免發生事故。然而，在實際進行相關研究，對於駕駛者危險性太高，因此本研究採用駕駛模擬儀進行研究。希冀藉由警示系統的輔助下，促使駕駛者能夠迅速正確的作出反應動作，以避免意外事故發生。而隨著行動通訊時代的來臨，伴隨著駕駛者於開車過程中，透過行動電話與外界進行通訊，然而駕駛者往往在無法兼顧開車行駛與對外通話順暢下而導致車輛肇事機率不斷攀升。故本研究將利用駕駛模擬儀探討在不同突發事件類型及因駕駛者使用免持聽筒進行通話造成駕駛分心的情況下，警示系統對駕駛者駕駛行為之影響。
本研究架構流程分為『技術開發』、『防撞警示型式對駕駛行為之影響』及『研究成果』等三部份。在警示型態分面，本研究將自行開發震動防撞警示系統，與其它不同警示型態，如語音+視覺警示系統或在無警示系統下探討其對駕駛績效的影響。本研究結果透過感知反應時間、感知反應速度、煞車反應時間、碰撞時間(Time to Collision, TTC)及平均加速度等，而由實驗結果顯示出，震動警示訊號接受度優於語音+視覺警示及在無警示的條件下。因此，駕駛者對於警示訊號能做出快速判斷，並且震動警示系統能使駕駛者於駕駛車輛過程中，有效縮短駕駛者對於突然事件之反應時間，而駕駛者因有較充足的反應時間，是故對於前方障礙可進行更有調節性煞車過程，且在震動警示系統輔助下，駕駛者亦能有效避免碰撞事故發生機率。而在駕駛分心任務下，震動警示能適時將駕駛者注意力轉移的情況下，將其行車安全注意力拉回於注意車前狀況，並且震動警示系統亦能減少駕駛者反應時間進而減輕駕者由於駕駛不注意及分心所產生的危險事故。而相較其它警示系統，由實驗結果顯示震動警示效果相較語音+視覺警示之下來的好，且語音警示系統相較於在無警示之下來的好。

摘要(英)

Several kinds of driving assistant systems are sold commercially in order to improve traffic safety and transportation efficiency. In addition to the adaptive cruise control system, which can support longitudinal behaviour of a vehicle, the front vehicle collision warning system (FVCWS) can remind drivers of emergent events. Therefore, they are able to reduce the severity of accidents. Modern information and communication systems within a vehicle draw more attention of a driver towards secondary tasks, and it will affect driving safety.
This thesis studies on drivers’ responses to a forward vehicle collision warning system by fixed-base driving simulator. Thirty-two licensed subjects were disposed randomly to three kinds of warning system (no alert, visual & auditory alert, and haptic alert) and two dangerous situations. The dangerous situations include sudden cut-in of a vehicle from an adjacent lane and closing to a preceding vehicle. The driving performance measures include perception-reaction time, vehicle speed, brake-reaction time, time to collision and deceleration. Driver’s workload was evaluated with a modified NASA-TLX questionnaire.
Analysis of the braking process showed that haptic warning system provides a potential safety benefit by reducing the time required for drivers to release the accelerator. The result indicates that drivers can decrease reaction time under using haptic warning system.

關鍵字(中)

★ 駕駛模擬儀
★ 防撞警示系統
★ 震動警示

關鍵字(英)

★ Driving Simulator
★ Collision Warning System
★ Haptic Warning

論文目次

摘要 II
Adstract III
誌謝 IV
總目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究內容與方法 4
1.3 研究流程 5
1.4 論文架構 7
第二章文獻回顧 8
2.1 國外先進車輛實車發展現況 8
2.2 國外駕駛模擬儀發展現況 12
2.3 防撞警示系統 15
2.4 駕駛分心 21
2.5 本章結論 25
第三章駕駛模擬儀軟硬體之技術開發與擴充 26
3.1駕駛模擬儀軟硬體介紹 26
3.1.1 駕駛模擬儀硬體 26
3.1.2 駕駛模擬儀之開發工具 30
3.2駕駛模擬儀之震動警示系統擴充與設備模組開發 34
3.2.1 震動系統應用架構 34
3.2.2 震動馬達裝置 35
3.3.3 震動系統電子電路配置 36
3.3 分心事件 39
第四章　防撞警示系統對駕駛行為之影響 40
4.1 實驗設計 40
4.1.1 研究對象與議題 40
4.1.2 場景設計 41
4.1.3 事件設計 44
4.1.4 前方防撞警示系統 46
4.1.5 分心任務 47
4.1.6 量測項目與變數定義 48
4.1.7 實驗流程 50
4.2 資料初步分析 52
4.2.1 判斷與假設 52
4.2.2 資料過濾 54
4.3 實驗結果 56
4.3.1 感知反應時間 56
4.3.2 鬆開油門時之車速 59
4.3.3 煞車反應時間 60
4.3.4 碰撞時間 62
4.3.4 平均減速度 65
4.3.5 主觀評量問卷 66
4.4 本章結論 70
第五章結論與未來發展建議 71
5.1 結論 71
5.2 未來發展之建議 73
參考文獻 75
附錄A 駕駛模擬系統之操作說明 78
1. Server端之程式操作說明 78
2. Client端之震動警示程式操作說明 80
3. Client端之車內電話簿搜尋系統程式操作說明 81

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指導教授

鄭銘章(Ming-Chang Jeng)

審核日期

2006-7-19

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