鎂合金固相回收及熱機處理研究

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姓名

林英男(Ying-nan Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

鎂合金固相回收及熱機處理研究
(Study of Solid State Recycle Mg Alloy)

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摘要(中)

摘要
鎂合金為最輕的結構金屬，因其具有良好的比強度、比剛性、導(散)熱性、制震性、電磁遮蔽性及材料回收性等優異的特性，廣泛應用於各種3C產業、汽車工業與自行車等需結構輕量化的工業上。故大量廢料及產品回收的問題日益凸顯，因目前業界所用的液相回收製程有著高污染、高耗能、高成本及高危險性等缺點，因此，本研究探討不同熱處理及熱機處理條件對其固相回收擠製材之機械性質及微結構的影響，找出鎂合金AZ91D固相回收的最佳製程參數。
研究結果顯示不同鎂合金AZ91D屑料狀態(新生、強制氧化及實際廢料)會影響固相回收製程後之機械性質。實際廢料>強制氧化料>新生料，抗拉強度由新生屑料274.3MPa分別提升8.5％及15.5％至297.7MPa及316.7MPa，主要原因為材料的氧化層在擠製過程中碎裂成強化相顆粒。
固相回收材以170 ℃時效處理，其尖峰時效為時效時間16hrs，其中新生料及強制氧化料之抗拉強度分別為371.1及382.3MPa。另AZ91D強制氧化料固相回收擠製材最佳之熱機處理製程為：軋前350℃退火處理+軋後400℃退火處理，此時抗拉強度為335.6MPa，降伏強度為233.5MPa，伸長率為8.1%。

摘要(英)

Abstract
Magnesium alloy is a kind of lightest structure metal. As it has strong tensile stress and toughness, good conductivity and vibration absorber, electromagnetic cover and easy material recycling, magnesium alloy could be the best choice for 3C products for Aircraft chamber and automobile non-structure requirement material. It becomes wildly used in 3C manufacturing, automobile industry and bicycle etc. light structural industries. Large dumping and product recycle problem becomes outstanding.
The research work is to introduce how the solid-state magnesium alloy could be recycled. Various heat treatment approaches and different heat treatment conditions are selected to investigate into the alloy mechanical property and its microstructure performance. It is expected to find out the best result data to strengthen the magnesium alloy AZ91D solid-state recycle process. The result of research as following: (1) The actual waste magnesium alloy can be recycled by the solid-state recycle process and the tensile stress of this recycled material is 316.7MPa. (2) The peak aging is aged at 170℃ temperature and 16hrs, the ultimate tensile stress of specimen which oxidized at 300℃ is 382.3MPa. (3) The best parameter of TMT (Thermo Mechanical Treatment) process of solid-state recycle process is 350oC pre-crunched process plus 400oC pro-tempering heat treatment. The tensile stress could reach 335.6MPa, yield stress 233.5.2MPa and extension rate 8.1%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 時效強化
★ 超塑性
★ 熱機處理
★ 固相回收
★ 退火處理
★ 軋延

關鍵字(英)

★ Solid recycle process
★ TMT(Thermo-Mechanical Treatment)
★ aging treatment
★ solid solution treatment
★ annealing treatment
★ superplasticity
★ rolling

論文目次

目錄
頁數
中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
致謝 Ⅲ
目錄 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅸ
圖目錄 X
第一章前言 1
1.1 背景特性 1
1.2 研究目的及方向 2
第二章基本原理與文獻回顧 5
2.1鎂合金材料特性 5
2.2 合金元素對鎂合金的影響 6
2.2.1 鋁元素的影響 6
2.2.2 鋅元素的影響 7
2.2.3 鋰(lithium)元素的影響 7
2.2.4 其他元素的影響 8
2.3鎂合金規格符號 9
2.4鎂合金廢料的分類 11
2.4.1鎂合金廢料的處置 12
2.4.2鎂合金廢料的分類 13
2.5鎂合金之熱處理 14
2.5.1退火(annealing)處理 14
2.5.1.1回復(Recovery) 15
2.5.1.2再結晶(Recrystallization) 16
2.5.1.3動態再結晶(dynamic recrystallization) 18
2.5.2固溶和時效處理(solid solution & aging treatment) 20
2.5.2.1固溶處理 20
2.5.2.2時效處理 20
2.5.2.3固溶+時效 21
2.5.2.3.1析出硬化原理 21
2.5.2.3.2析出強化理論 22
2.5.2.3.2.1差排環機構(Orowan looping mechanism) 22
2.5.2.3.2.1切割機構(Cutting mechanism) 22
2.6鎂合金的塑性成形 24
2.6.1鎂合金的塑性變形理論 24
2.6.2鎂合金晶粒細化及方法 27
2.7鎂合金廢料之回收 29
2.7.1重熔精鍊(液相)回收製程 29
2.7.2固相回收製程 31
2.7.3 鎂合金AZ91D固相回收相關之研究 32
第三章實驗方法與步驟 41
3.1 實驗材料 41
3.2 實驗設備 41
3.3 模具設計及材料 44
3.4 分析方法 44
3.4.1顯微組織觀察及成份分析 45
3.4.2材料之機械性質測試 46
3.5實驗步驟 47
3.5.1固相回收 47
3.5.2熱處理試驗 48
3.5.2.1退火處理對擠製後板材的機械性質及顯微組織之影響 49
3.5.2.2時效處理對固相回收擠製材機械性質及顯微組織之影響 49
3.5.3熱機處理 50
第四章鎂合金固相回收及熱處理 60
4.1鎂合金固相回收製程 60
4.1.1不同擠製比對鎂合金AZ91D新生屑料固相回收製程之影響 60
4.1.1.1新生屑料固相回收擠製材之機械性質 60
4.1.1.2新生屑料固相回收擠製材之顯微組織 61
4.1.2不同鎂合金AZ91D之原料狀態對固相回收製程之影響 62
4.1.2.1不同狀態之AZ91D屑料固相回收擠製材之機械性質 63
4.1.2.2不同狀態之鎂合金AZ91D屑料固相回收擠製材之光學(OM)顯微組織 64
4.1.2.3不同狀態之鎂合金AZ91D屑料固相回收擠製材之掃瞄式(SEM)電子顯微組織及半定量(EDS)分析 65
4.2 鎂合金AZ91D固相回收擠製材之熱處理 66
4.2.1固相回收擠製材均質化之機械性質與顯微組織 66
4.2.2固相回收擠製材之退火處理 68
4.2.2.1強制氧化料固相回收擠製鈑材(110×10mm)之退火處理 68
4.2.2.1.1強制氧化料固相回收擠製鈑材(110×10mm)退火處理之機械性質 68
4.2.2.1.2強制氧化料固相回收擠製鈑材(110×10mm)退火處理之顯微組織 69
4.2.2.2不同條件屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)之退火處理 70
4.2.2.2.1不同條件屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)退火處理後之機械性質 70
4.2.2.2.2不同條件屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)退火處理後之顯微組織 71
4.2.3 固相回收擠製材之固溶時效處理 75
4.2.3.1不同固相回收擠製材之機械性質及顯微組織 75
4.2.3.2新生屑料固相回收擠製材(Φ20mm)之固溶時效強化 76
4.2.3.2.1新生屑料固相回收擠製材(Φ20mm)固溶時效強化後之機械性質 76
4.2.3.2.2新生屑料固相回收擠製材(Φ20mm)固溶時效強化後之顯微組織 78
4.2.3.2.3新生屑料固相回收擠製材(Φ20mm)固溶時效強化後之穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)組織分析 79
4.2.3.3 不同固相回收擠製材(70×3mm)之固溶時效強化 80
4.2.3.3.1不同固相回收擠製材(70×3mm)固溶時效強化之機械性質 80
4.2.3.3.2 強制氧化料固相回收擠製材(70×3mm)固溶時效強化之顯微組織 83
4.2.3.3.3實際廢料固相回收擠製材(70×3mm)固溶時效強化之顯微組織 86
第五章鎂合金熱機製程 148
5.1軋前熱處理對鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm) as-rolled機械性質及顯微組織之影響 148
5.2鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)不同熱機處理條件下之機械性質 151
5.2.1鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)熱機處理在軋前350℃退火處理條件下之機械性質 152
5.2.2鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)熱機處理在軋前415℃均質化處理條件下之機械性質 153
5.3 鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)不同熱機處理條件下之顯微組織 153
5.3.1鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)熱機處理在軋前350℃退火處理條件下之顯微組織 153
5.3.2鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)熱機處理在軋前415℃均質化處理條件下之顯微組織 154
5.4鎂合金AZ91D強制氧化屑料固相回收擠製鈑材(70×3mm)之高溫拉伸試驗 156
第六章結論 167
參考文獻 170

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指導教授

李雄(Shyong Lee)

審核日期

2009-7-3

推文