自然水體中微囊藻毒傳輸行為之探討

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胡雅嵐(Ya-lan Hu) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

自然水體中微囊藻毒傳輸行為之探討
(The fates of microcystins in natural soil/water system)

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摘要(中)

微囊藻毒是優養化湖泊水庫中經常被發現之有毒污染物，目前對微囊藻毒在水體中傳輸行為並不清楚，因此本研究主要目的為探討微囊藻毒傳輸影響因子，以釐清影響微囊藻毒於水體中的宿命。
自然水體中微囊藻毒以分佈作用吸持於底泥有機質，其等溫吸附線呈線性；對於表面均帶負電的微囊藻毒與底泥，彼此間的排斥力會隨 pH值改變而影響吸附量，結果顯示，微囊藻毒在水體中吸附量主要受到有機質含量、系統 pH 值影響，而底泥比表面積、平均孔徑及質地對於微囊藻毒之吸附量影響不大。
於水相環境中，水中的懸浮微粒和腐植酸溶液對微囊藻毒之傳輸具有影響，微囊藻毒可藉由吸持作用形成帶毒性之膠體並散佈於整個水體中；且水中懸浮微粒及腐植酸溶液對微囊藻毒光降解具有些許影響，當環境中存在懸浮微粒時會減緩微囊藻毒光降解速率，而腐植酸溶液會加速其降解，但此兩項因子並非像光照之光波長影響微囊藻毒之降解速率來的顯著，在UV-C照射下1小時內即可將濃度為1.6μg/mL之微囊藻毒降解完畢，而在UV-B照射下其至少需要5天時間。本研究經一連串的實驗並透過 HPLC/UV分析技術，得知底泥、懸浮微粒及腐植酸溶液之吸附與光降解對微囊藻毒於自然水體中之宿命具有影響。

摘要(英)

Microcystin is a common toxin in the eutrophic lakes and reservoirs. However, the mechanism of the transportation of microcystin in lakes and reservoirs, especially, in micro-environment of the soil/water system is not yet clarified. The adsorption and photodegradation of microcystin poisoning could adversely affect the environment. Hence, the main purpose of this study was focused on the major factors that affect the transportation and fate of microcystin in natural water. The adsorption behaviour of microcystin was examined by collecting the soil/water samples from river or reservoir. The photodegradation of microcystin was studied by irradiating with different wavelengths of UV light. The adsorption and photodegradation of microcystin were examined by HPLC/UV techniques. The results of this study conveyed that the reservoir or river sediment, suspended solid and humic acid solution had an impact on the adsorption of microcystin and thereby affected the transportation and fate of microcystin. The adsorption of microcystin was found to be proportional to the distribution and composition of organic matter contents. When the soil/water systems contain more humic acid, the system of microcystin adsorption would increase and the larger content of humic acid solution resulted into greater poisoning of environment by microcystin adsorption. Analysis on the microcystin poisoning at the surface of sediment particles was also carried out. The results revealed that the larger adsorption of microcystin would lower the pH value of the system. The combination of both organic matter and sediment would necessarily enhance the adsorption of microcystin on the environment. The observation on photodegradation of microcystin explained that the generation of toxic microcystis pigments also affected the environment to a greater extent and poisoned the water system by releasing the coloring agents. Despite, the photodegradation was affected to some extent by suspended particles or humic acid in water, the irradiation of light had significant effect on this. Therefore, the adsorption and photodegradation of microcystin were clearly analyzed in this research for the better understanding of water pollution in the environment.

關鍵字(中)

★ 光降解
★ 傳輸
★ 吸附
★ 微囊藻毒

關鍵字(英)

★ Microcystins
★ Photodegradation
★ Transmission
★ Adsorption

論文目次

目次頁次
目錄 I
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 XI
第一章前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的與內容 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1 微囊藻毒簡介 3
2-1-1 產生藻毒之藻類簡介 3
2-1-2 環境因子對微囊藻毒濃度變化之影響 5
2-1-3 微囊藻毒之結構與特性 6
2-1-4 微囊藻毒之危害 9
2-1-5 微囊藻毒之流佈與管理 11
2-2 微囊藻毒液相層析檢測方法 14
2-2-1 Microcystins的HPLC/UV分析方法 14
2-2-2 Microcystins的LC/MS分析方法 17
2-3 土壤對有機污染物之吸持作用 19
2-3-1 吸附理論 19
2-3-2 分佈理論 20
2-3-3 等溫吸附模式 22
2-4 水體環境因子的交互作用 24
2-4-1 微囊藻於湖泊、水庫中的移動性 25
2-4-2 底泥中有機質對汙染物的吸附行為 26
2-4-3 溶解性有機質對汙染物的吸附行為 27
2-4-4 光降解微囊藻毒 28
2-5 自然界中有機質之特性 29
2-5-1 腐植質之分類 29
2-5-2 腐植酸的特定官能基 32
第三章實驗內容、材料、設備與方法 33
3-1實驗內容 33
3-2實驗材料 35
3-2-1吸附質 35
3-2-2吸附劑 35
3-2-3 其他實驗藥品 36
3-3實驗設備 37
3-4 底泥前處理及性質分析 38
3-4-1 底泥前處理 38
3-4-2 底泥性質分析 38
3-5 HPLC分析儀器及分析條件 41
3-5-1 HPLC分析儀器 41
3-5-2 HPLC分析條件 42
3-6 微囊藻培養及毒素萃取 42
3-6-1 微囊藻培養 42
3-6-2 微囊藻毒素萃取與分析 43
3-7 吸附實驗 48
3-7-1 吸附實驗數據分析及處理 48
3-7-2 底泥系統吸附實驗 49
3-7-3 水系統吸附實驗 50
3-8 光降解實驗 51
3-9 萃取吸附於懸浮微粒之微囊藻毒 54
3-10 腐植酸溶液增溶效應實驗 55
第四章結果與討論 56
4-1 微囊藻毒應用於HPLC分析條件之建立 56
4-1-1 固定相的選擇 57
4-1-2 移動相條件的選擇 60
4-1-3 最大吸收波長 64
4-1-4 檢量線的配製 65
4-1-5 偵測極限 66
4-2微囊藻於水體系統中之傳輸行為 69
4-2-1 腐植酸溶液對微囊藻毒的吸附 69
4-2-2 懸浮微粒對微囊藻毒的吸附 71
4-3 微囊藻於土壤/水體系統中之吸附 73
4-3-1 Microcystin-LR於水庫底泥中之吸附 73
4-3-2 Microcystin -LR於河川底泥之吸附 75
4-3-3 Microcystin-LR於水庫、河川底泥之吸附比較 78
4-4 影響微囊藻毒吸附因子之探討 79
4-4-1 底泥質地對吸附微囊藻毒之影響 79
4-4-2 土壤/水系統中有機質含量對微囊藻毒吸附影響 81
4-4-3 腐植酸於土壤/水飽和系統中之影響 84
4-4-4 底泥中吸附微囊藻毒之有機官能基 86
4-4-5 pH值對吸附微囊藻毒之影響 94
4-5 微囊藻毒於澄清溶液中的光降解情形 98
4-5-1 微囊藻毒於不同波長下光降速率 99
4-5-2 濁度對微囊藻毒之光降解影響 100
4-5-3 腐植酸溶液對微囊藻毒之光降解影響 104
第五章結論與建議 106
5-1 結論 106
5-2 建議 108
參考文獻 109

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指導教授

李俊福(Jiunn-fwu Lee)

審核日期

2009-7-13

推文