雙平板型吸附塔變壓吸附程序之模擬

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陳韋綜(Wei-Tzung Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

雙平板型吸附塔變壓吸附程序之模擬
(Dual-Bed Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes with New Compact Flat-Box Adsorbers)

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摘要(中)

變壓式吸附為一週期性的分離程序，利用壓力變化為主要的操作變數，以達到分離的目的，此種程序於空氣分離以生產氧氣或氮氣上有日益重要的地位。而氣體進行吸附時會放熱，導致吸附塔溫度升高不利吸附，氣體進行脫附時會吸熱，導致吸附塔溫度降低不利脫附。本研究中將傳統的圓柱型吸附塔改為相鄰的平板型吸附塔，使得吸附的塔所放出的熱能傳至脫附的塔，期望平板型吸附塔的設計能讓整體PSA的效能有所提升。
本研究是利用模擬方式，採用Skarstrom　Cycle程序，處理進料組成為21%氧氣與79%氮氣的空氣，使用的吸附劑為沸石5A。第二部份採用Skarstrom　Cycle程序模擬由空氣中去除水氣的製程，進料為相對濕度90%的空氣，水氣佔3.4241%，所使用的吸附劑為γ-Alumina。模擬時所用的氣體分離機構為平衡模式，假設吸附塔內的同一截面積上固、氣兩相瞬間達成平衡，且為非恆溫之變壓吸附模式，因吸附劑顆粒大，故可忽略吸附塔內壓力降。
在比較平板型吸附塔與圓柱型吸附塔的模擬結果後，可發現前者的產物氧氣濃度略高於後者。而從各塔的溫度變化圖中可清楚的得知各塔的溫度變化如我們所預期。本研究並探討各操作變數(諸如：各個步驟操作時間、進料壓力、平板塔的寬高比、平板塔兩塔間的熱傳係數等)對模擬結果的影響。

摘要(英)

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a cyclic process used for separation of gas mixtures. This process uses variation of pressure as the main operating parameter to achieve separation and is becoming increasingly popular for the production of oxygen or nitrogen from air. The heat released during gas adsorption will increase the bed temperature, which is an unfavorable to adsorption. On the other hand, gas desorption is an endothermic process and the decrease of temperature caused by desorption is unfavorable to desorption. In this study, the traditional cylindrical adsorbers are replaced by flat-box adsorbers, which are stacked together. We hope this design can reach higher performance of PSA by letting the released heat from the adsorption bed be transferred to the desorption bed.
This simulation is performed for the bulk separation of air (21% oxygen ; 79% nitrogen) in Skarstrom cycle and 5A zeolite is utilized as adsorbent. The second part of simulation is to separate water from air(air with relative humidity 90% , equivalent to a water concentration of 3.4241%). In the second part, the adsorbent used is γ-Alumina. This study uses the equilibrium model and the pressure drop can be neglected. We assumed instantaneous equilibrium between solid and gas phase with non-isothermal operation.
The simulation results of flat-box type adsorbers and traditional cylindrical adsorbers are compared. The oxygen concentration of products of the flat-box adsorbers is higher than that of the traditional cylindrical adsorbers. From the graphs of adsorber’s temperature, expected temperature changes is observed. The effects of operating variables such as steps time, adsorption pressure, the ratio of bed width to bed height, the heat transfer coefficient between neighboring adsorbers are investigated on the performance of PSA.

關鍵字(中)

★ 平衡模式
★ 5A沸石
★ 平板型吸附塔
★ 氧氣
★ 變壓吸附模擬

關鍵字(英)

★ 5A Zeolite
★ flat-box type adsorber
★ oxygen
★ equilibrium model

論文目次

目錄 Ⅰ
表目錄 Ⅳ
圖目錄 Ⅵ
第一章緒論 1
第二章簡介及文獻回顧 3
2.1 變壓吸附之簡介 3
2.1.1 變壓吸附基本原理 3
2.1.2吸附劑及其選擇性 4
2.1.3 變壓吸附典型步驟 5
2.2 文獻回顧 8
2.2.1 製程之發展與改進 8
2.2.2 理論之回顧 10
2.3 研究目的、背景 13
第三章理論 16
3.1 基本假設 17
3.2 統制方程式 18
3.3 吸附平衡關係式 22
3.3.1氮氣與氧氣在沸石5A上吸附平衡關係式 22
3.3.2水氣在γ-Al2O3上吸附平衡關係式 24
3.4 參數推導 31
3.4.1 軸向分散係數 31
3.4.2 管壁的熱傳係數 32
3.5 起始條件與邊界條件 33
3.6 求解的方法 35
3.6.1 閥公式 35
3.6.2 求解步驟 36
第四章製程描述 38
4.1 程式驗證 39
4.2 四塔步驟製程 40
4.3.1 驗証Skarstrom Cycle程式所使用之常數與操作條件 42
4.3.2 空氣中除水氣製程程式中所使用之常數與操作條件 46
4.4 平板型吸附塔之寬高比定義及平板型吸附塔尺寸 49
第五章結果討論與數據分析 51
5.1 模擬結果與驗證 51
5.2平板型吸附塔Skarstrom Cycle程序之模擬 53
5.3進料加壓步驟(逆向減壓步驟)時間對平板型吸附塔Skarstrom Cycle的影響 60
5.4高壓吸附步驟(沖洗步驟)時間對平板型吸附塔Skarstrom Cycle的影響 70
5.5進料壓力對平板型吸附塔Skarstrom Cycle的影響 78
5.6四塔製程對平板型吸附塔的影響 86
5.7平板型吸附塔對空氣中除水氣Skarstrom Cycle程序之模擬結果 94
5.8 結論 99
符號說明 101
參考文獻 103
附錄A 流速之估算方法 108

參考文獻

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指導教授

周正堂(Cheng-tung Chou)

審核日期

2005-12-16

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