利用整合探空系統分析南海北部大氣邊界層特性之研究

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林欣弘(Xing-Hong Lin ) 查詢紙本館藏

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大氣物理研究所

論文名稱

利用整合探空系統分析南海北部大氣邊界層特性之研究

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摘要(中)

南海季風不僅是亞洲季風系統的主要組成部分，而且也在鄰近地區和全球的天氣與氣候中扮演重要的作用角色。對台灣而言，梅雨季發生降水系統的活躍程度除了深受梅雨鋒面與局部環流的影響外，也與西南季風的建立與發展息息相關；本研究利用南海季風實驗期間架設於南海北部東沙島上的整合探空系統，分析探討1998年南海季風實驗期間南海北部季風肇始前後邊界層特性的演變、邊界層風場垂直分布的變化特性、水氣輸送和大氣水氣含量的改變以及對流的發展與演變等物理特徵。
研究結果顯示季風肇始前後水氣垂直混合狀況與邊界層發展吻合，但肇始前的邊界層發展日際變化並不一致，且邊界層的發展較肇始後高，而肇始之後邊界層的發展日際變化差異不大。由聲波雷達觀測到的混合邊界層高度，與探空求得之高度雷同。另外由實驗三號探空分析的結果顯示東沙島上所觀測的邊界層發展並不受小島嶼明顯的影響，而聲波雷達及無人飛機的高時間解析觀測資料，可以清楚的描述整個邊界層日夜發展的變化特性。
季風肇始前的晴空期在垂直速度上呈現日間上升運動，夜間為沉降的相反特性，然而在肇始後夜間卻仍出現上升運動的特性。在降雨發生前200-400公尺的近地層平均上升速度為0.5m/s，其他高度層則為均勻的亂流特性。降雨下降速度則因降雨型態不同而有所差異，在弱降雨時1公里以下的降雨速度平均為3-4m/s。強降雨時，若有強烈空氣上升，則降雨在2公里以下的下降速度會因大雨滴的下降速度及冷空氣下衝氣流加成而維持6-7m/s，同時在地面會觀測到溫度及溼度驟降情形，低層水平風在降雨前後亦會隨著下衝氣流外流而轉變；若空氣上升速度不明顯對流不旺盛，則低層2公里以下，降雨的下降速度大約只有3-4m/s左右。

關鍵字(中)

★ 南海季風實驗
★ 整合探空系統
★ 氣邊界層

關鍵字(英)

★ oundary layer
★ SCSMEX
★ SS

論文目次

第一章前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究回顧 2
1.3 南海季風實驗 5
第二章整合探空系統：觀測原理與資料處理方法 8
2.1 整合探空系統 8
2.2 資料處理方法 11
2.3 資料來源 12
第三章南海季風實驗時期整合探空系統觀測時間序列分析 13
3.1 地面站觀測時序分析 14
3.2 剖風儀觀測資料時序分析 17
3.3 探空資料時序分析 19
第四章南海北部大氣邊界層分析 21
4.1 東沙島探空資料分析 21
4.2 實驗三號探空資料分析 23
4.3聲波雷達及剖風儀資料分析 24
4.4 無人飛機資料分析 26
第五章邊界層對流特性分析 27
5.1 晴空垂直速度 27
5.2 對流降雨前的垂直速度 28
5.3 對流降雨個案分析 29
5.3.1 個案5月15日 29
5.3.2 個案5月31日 30
5.3.3 個案6月5日 31
第六章結論 33
參考文獻 35
附錄a 剖風雷達觀測原理及參數反演方法 41
附表 46
附圖 48

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指導教授

林沛練(Pay-Laim Lin)

審核日期

2001-7-18

推文