利用遙測影像反演水稻田蒸發散量
之研究

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姓名

簡子杰(Tzu-chieh chien) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

太空科學研究所

論文名稱

利用遙測影像反演水稻田蒸發散量之研究
(Using remote sensing imagery to retrieve evapotransporation over paddy field. )

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摘要(中)

蒸發散量(Evapotranspiration)在水文循環中扮演著一個非常重要的因素。估算蒸發散量的方法相當多，以往多半都是利用蒸發皿量測單點的蒸發散量，或是利用氣象資料經相關公式推估單點的潛勢蒸發散量，再把經驗公式應用到整個地面區域，並無法反應出區域性的實際狀況。近年來由於遙測技術的進步，因此利用遙測影像推估蒸發散量，可由傳統單點的估算轉而對整個區域面的估算。
本研究利用空載和衛載的遙測資料做為反演蒸發散量的依據：空載的遙測資料包括可見光、近紅外光與熱紅外光多波段資料，而衛載資料則是利用MODIS的影像資料，配合地面氣象站所量測得的氣象資料(風速、大氣溫度)，進行地表熱通量的估計，地表熱通量包括潛熱通量及可感熱通量。推估方法基於地表能量平衡演算法，依據大氣不穩定的修正模式初步推估潛熱通量和可感熱通量，再利用乾、濕控制曲線結合初步推估的蒸發散量和可感熱通量重新分配淨可用能量。在大氣不穩定修正方程式中則利用Paulson(1970)、Dyer(1974)和Brustaert(1992)三種不同的修正方程，求出最適合的反演方式。
研究結果顯示，利用本研究的反演模式，不管是應用於空載或MODIS的衛星影像，都可求出良好的乾、濕控制曲線。蒸發散量在MODIS影像部分與地面測站的相關係數可到0.66，均方根差為97.81(W/m2)﹔可感熱通量相關係數則到0.76，均方根差為124.33(W/m2)。新的反演模式配合MODIS影像，可得到不錯的結果，希望本研究可提供相關領域研究之參考。

摘要(英)

Evaportranspiration is an important factor in hydrology cycle. There are many ways to estimate evapotransporation. In the past, we got the local evaportransporation by using basin, or formula with meteorology data. And apply the empirical formula in the regional area. But it couldn’t represent the regional evaportranspiration. Recently, because of the improved remote sensing technology, we estimate evaportranspiration from local to region.
Airborne and satellite image were utilized in this study. The airborne image included visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands. MODIS data was used in satellite image. We estimate surface heat flux by airborne and satellite image with meteorology measurements. The surface heat flux includes latent heat flux and sensible heat flux. We set the initial latent heat flux and sensible heat flux by using surface energy budget and unstable atmosphere correct function. Finding the radiation and evaporation controlled lines by initial latent heat flux and sensible heat flux and redistributing the net radiation flux. We test three different unstable atmosphere correct function, Paulson (1970), Dyer (1974) and Brustaent (1992) in order to find the suitable method.
The result reveals that we can find good radiation and evaporation controlled line with airborne and satellite image. The correlation coefficient of latent heat flux and sensible heat flux with actual observations are 0.66 and 0.76. The root mean squared error of latent heat flux and sensible heat flux with actual observations are 97.81(W/m2) and 124.33(W/m2). We get a good result by the new retrieval method with MODIS data in this study. Hope that this study can be referred in relevant field.

關鍵字(中)

★ 蒸發散量

關鍵字(英)

★ evaportranspiration

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章緒論 1
1-1 簡介 1
1-2 研究背景與目的 2
1-3 文獻回顧 3
1-3.1以單點資料估算地表蒸發散量 3
1-3.2以面的遙測資料推估地表蒸發散量 4
第二章基本理論 9
2-1 蒸發散的物理傳輸機制 9
2-2 基本理論方程式 9
2-2.1 擴散方程式(Fick’s First Law) 9
2-2.2 水氣(潛熱)傳輸方程式 10
2-2.3可感熱傳輸方程式 15
2-3 大氣不穩定的修正方程式 16
2-3.1 Dyer的大氣不穩定修正 17
2-3.2 Brustaert的大氣不穩定修正 19
2-3.3 Paulson的大氣不穩定修正 20
第三章反演方法 25
3-1 SEBAL模式簡介 25
3-1.1 能量平衡與輻射平衡 26
3-1.2 淨輻射量(Rn) 26
3-1.3土壤熱通量(G0) 29
3-1.4 可感熱通量 32
3-1.5 潛熱通量 32
3-2 S-SEBI模式簡介 33
3-3 本研究之反演方法 35
3-3.1迭代計算的步驟 36
3-3.2迴歸計算的步驟 38
第四章研究試區 45
4-1 空載影像研究試區 45
4-1.1 影像資料 45
4-1.2 氣象資料 46
4-1.3 試驗儀器的介紹 46
4-2 MODIS影像研究試區 47
4-2.1 MODIS感測器簡介 47
4-2.2 MODIS影像處理 48
4-2.3 地面儀器介紹 49
第五章研究結果與討論 61
5-1 空載影像 61
5-1.1 選點方式 61
5-1.2 結果比較 62
5-1.3 討論 62
5-2 MODIS影像 63
5-2.1 方法比較 63
5-2.2 方法改良 64
5-2.3 討論 65
第六章結論與建議 89
6-1 研究結論 89
6-2 建議事項 90
參考文獻 91

參考文獻

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指導教授

劉說安(Yuei-An Liou)

審核日期

2006-7-21

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