地表通量觀測與分析

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：28

、訪客IP：3.144.112.106

姓名

魏谷州(Gu-zhou Wei) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

水文與海洋科學研究所

論文名稱

地表通量觀測與分析

相關論文

★ 以禁忌演算法推估流域空間降雨	★ 氣候變遷對台灣地區地表水文量之影響
★ 分散式降雨逕流模式之建立及暴雨時期流量之模擬	★ 翡翠水庫集水區水文分析
★ 地表過程蒸發散之觀測與分析	★ 桃園地區人工埤池對水資源輔助之分析研究
★ 地表過程質傳與熱傳數值模擬	★ 桃園灌區之區域迴歸水分析研究
★ 氣候變遷對水庫集水區入流量之衝擊評估-以石門水庫集水區為例	★ 應用通量變異法與渦流相關法推估地表通量
★ 改良GWLF模式應用於翡翠水庫入流量模擬	★ 淡水河流域水文時空變異分析
★ 應用土壤水分變化推估常綠闊葉林蒸發散量	★ 生地化反應數值模式 – BIOGEOCHEM 互動式圖形使用者介面的開發與應用
★ 結合季長期天氣預報與水文模式推估石門水庫入流量	★ 應用陸面過程模式模擬蓮華池試驗集水區地表通量

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

渦度相關法被視為最準確的通量量測方法。本論文所架構之渦度
相關系統以10Hz 的取樣頻率進行資料擷取；該資料經過消除奇異
點、消除趨勢線以及二次座標軸旋轉等處理程序後，計算地表通量與
分析。利用相似性理論所建立的數學模型以及奧克考夫尺度長度可以
間接估算可感熱通量，此估算方法稱為flux variance 法。在均質、平坦的地形上，flux variance 法可藉由溫度的標準差估算可感熱通量。本論文利用渦度相關法以及flux variance 法估算在中央大學草地之可感熱通量與潛熱通量，並且分析其差異性。

摘要(英)

Eddy covariance method is considered to be the most accurate method for measuring surface fluxes. Eddy data were collected at 10Hz sampling frequency for analysis. Surface fluxes were calculated after several data QC/QA, including despike, detrend, and double rotation. Based on the similarity theory, the flux variance method provides an alternative approach to estimate sensible heat fluxes with the Obukhov’s length and the temperature standard deviation. Both the eddy covariance method and the flux variance method were applied to estimate sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes for the experimental site with grass landcover at the National Central University. Intercomparisons of fluxes estimated by both methods were discussed in this study.

論文目次

摘要 ………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract …………………………………………………………… II
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………V
表目錄 …………………………………………………………………VII
第一章緒論................................................1
1.1 前言...................................................1
1.2 研究目的 ............................................. 2
1.3 本文架構 ............................................. 2
第二章文獻回顧........................................... 4
2.1 渦度相關法............................................ 4
2.2 間接量測法推估紊流通量................................ 5
第三章研究方法........................................... 9
3.1 能量平衡式............................................ 9
3.1.1 淨輻射(Rn) ........................................ 10
3.1.2 土壤熱通量(G) ......................................11
3.1.3 土壤儲熱........................................... 11
3.2 渦度相關法(Eddy covariance method) ...................14
3.2.1 渦度相關法估算可感熱通量........................... 16
3.2.2 渦度相關法計算潛熱通量............................. 17
3.3 Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theorem .....................18
3.3.1 相似性數學模型..................................... 19
3.3.2 通用常數(Universal constant) .......................20
3.4 Flux Variance Method ................................ 21
3.5 能量閉合............................................. 25
3.5.1 最小平方法(Ordinary Least Squares，之後簡稱OLS) ....25
3.5.2 能量平衡比率(Energy Balance Ratio，之後簡稱EBR ) .. 26
第四章實驗儀器與資料處理................................ 27
4.1 實驗地點............................................. 27
4.2 實驗資料............................................. 29
4.3 實驗儀器............................................. 31
4.3.1 超音速三軸風速計................................... 31
4.3.2 氪濕度計........................................... 32
4.3.3 土壤熱通量板....................................... 33
4.3.4 淨輻射計........................................... 34
4.4 儀器架設與資料存取架構............................... 35
4.5 資料處理............................................. 36
4.5.1 消除奇異點(Despike) ............................... 36
4.5.2 消除趨勢線(Detrend) ............................... 37
4.5.3 座標旋轉........................................... 38
4.6 計算步驟............................................. 40
第五章結果與討論........................................ 42
5.1 Eddy Covariance 法估算紊流通量 ...................... 42
5.1.1 能量閉合........................................... 42
5.2 Flux Variance Method ................................ 47
5.2.1 相似性模型的檢視................................... 47
5.2.2 可感熱通量與潛熱通量............................... 50
5.2.3 溫度以及水氣密度傳輸效率分析....................... 52
第六章結論與建議........................................ 56
6.1 結論................................................. 56
6.2 建議................................................. 57
參考文獻................................................. 58
附錄A ……………………………………………………………………62

參考文獻

Albertson, J. D., M. B. Parlange, G. G. Katul, C.-R. Chu, H. Stricker, S. Tyler, “Sensible heat flux from arid regions: a simple flux-variance method, “Water Resources Research, Vol. 31, 969-973, 1995.
Arya, S. P., “Introduction to micrometeorology”, Academic Press, 2001, 420 pp.
Bink, N. J., A. G. C. A. Meesters, “Comment on ‘estimation of surface heat and momentum fluxes using the flux-variance method above uniform and non-uniform terrain’ by Katul et al.(1995)”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 84, 497-502, 1997.
Brutsaert, W., “Evaporation into the atmosphere”, 1982, 291 pp.
De Bruin, H. A. R., N. I. Bink, L. J. M. Kroon, “Fluxes in the surface layer under advection conditions”, in T. J. Schmugge and J. C. Andre(eds), Workshop on Land Surface Evaporation Measurement and Parameterization, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 157-169, 1991.
De Bruin, H. A. R., W. Kohsiek, B. J. J. M. Van Den Hurk, “ A verification of some methods to determine the fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and water vapour using standard deviation and structure parameter of scalar meteorological quantities“, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 63, 231-257, 1993.
Dingman, S. L., “Physical hydrology”, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 2002, 646 pp.
Foken, Th. and B. Wichura, “Tools for quality assessment of surface-base flux measurement”, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 78, 83-105, 1996.
Fritscehen, L. J., “Construction and evaluation of a miniature net radiometer”, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 2, 165-172, 1962
Hill, R. J., “Implications of Monin-Obukhov similarity theority for scalar quantities”, J. Atmos. Sci. Vol.46, 2236-2244, 1989.
Hsieh, C.-I., G. G. Katul, J. Schieldge, J. Sigmon, K. R. Knoeer, “Estimation of momentum and heat fluxes using dissipation and flux-variance methods in the unstable surface layer”, Water Resources Research, Vol. 32, 2453-2462, 1996
Katul, G. G., S. M. Goltz, C.-I. Hsieh, Y. Cheng, F. Mowry, J. Sigmon, “Estimation of surface heat and momentum fluxes using the flux-variance method above uniform and non-uniform terrain”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 74, 237-260, 1995.
Katul, G. G., C.-I. Hsieh, R. Oren, D. Ellsworth, D. Nie, N. Phillips, “Latent and sensible heat flux predictions from a uniform pine forest using surface renewal and flux variance methods“, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 80, 249-282, 1996.
Katul, G. G., C.-I. Hsieh, ”A note on the Flux-Variance Similarity Relationships for Heat and Water Vapor in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 90, 327-338, 1999.
Kustas, W. P., and C. S. T. Daughtry, “Estimation of the soil heat flux/net radiation ratio from spectral data.”, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 49, 205-233, 1990.
Lanaud, E. and M. Irvine, “Temperature-humidity dissimilarity and heat-to-water-vapour transport efficiency above and with in a pine forest canopy: the role of the bowen ratio”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 120, 87-109, 2005.
Lloyd, C. R., A. D. Culf, A. J. Doman, J. H. Gash, “Estimate of sensible heat flux from observations of temperature fluctuations”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 57, 311-322, 1999.
Monin, A. S., Yaglom, A. M., “Statistical fluid mechanics” Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 1973.
Oncley, S. P., C. A. Friehe, J. C. Larue, J. A. Businger, E. C. Itsweire, S. S. Chang, “Surface-layer fluxes, profiles, and turbulence measurements over uniform terrain under near-neutral conditions” J. Atmos. Sci. Vol 53 1029-1044, 1996.
Padro, J., “An ininvestigation of flux-variance methods and universal functions applied to three land-use types in unstable conditions”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 66, 413-425, 1993.
Stull, R. B., “An introduction to Boundary layer meteorology”, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1988.
Tillman, J. E., “The indirect determination of stability , heat and momentum fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer from simple scalar variables during dry unstable condition”, Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 11, 783-792, 1972.
Weaver, H. J., “Temperature and humidity flux-variance relations determined by one-dimensional eddy correlation”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 53, 77-91, 1990.
Wesely, M. L., “Use of variance techniques to measure dry air-surface exchange rates”, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 44, 1988.
Wilson, K. B., A. Goldstein, E. Falge, M. Aubinet, D. Baldocchi, C. Berbigier, C. Bernhofer, R. Ceulemans, H. Dolman, C. Field, A. Grelle, A. Law. B. E. Ibrom, A. Kowalski, T. Meyers, J. Moncrieff, R. Monson, W. Oechel, J. Tenhunen, R. Valentini, S. Verma, “Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites”, Agricultural and forest meteorology, Vol. 113, 223-243, 2002.
Wyngaard, J.C., O.R. Cote, Y. Izumi, “Local free convection, similarity, and the budgets of shear stress and heat flux”, J. Atmos. Sci., Vol.28, 1171-1182, 1971.
王如意、易任，「應用水文學」上冊，國立編譯館，1999，525頁。
李正泉、于貴瑞、溫學發、張雷明、任傳友、伏玉玲，「中國通量觀測網絡(ChinaFLUX)能量平衡閉合狀態的評價」，中國科學、D輯、地球科學、2004、34(增刊II)， 46-56頁。
邱奕霖，「地表過程蒸發散之觀測與分析」，國立中央大學水文科學研究所碩士論文，2005。
孫曉敏、朱治林、許金萍、袁國富、周豔蓮、張仁華，「渦度相關測定中平均周期參數的確定及其影響分析」，中國科學、D輯、地球科學、2004、34(增刊II)， 30-36頁。
陳奕穎，「發展遙測資料反演可感熱與潛熱通量之研究」，國立中央大學水文科學研究所碩士論文，2004。
陳姜琦，「應用衛星遙測於區域蒸發散之估算」，國立成功大學碩士論文。

指導教授

李明旭(Ming-hsu Li)

審核日期

2007-7-18

推文