消去GPS相位模稜OTF相對定位之研究

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黃昭銘(Zhuan-Ming Huang ) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程研究所

論文名稱

消去GPS相位模稜OTF相對定位之研究

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摘要(中)

整數相位模稜參數為GPS載波相位測距和定位上舉足輕重的待求變數。理論上消去整數模稜或估計求定之，是等價的。利用餘弦函數來消去整數相位模稜於相對定位應用上，會產生空間模稜問題。此方法之關鍵點在於幾何位置的近似和與相位信號族波長之收斂空間。
使用二次差分電碼定位來建立並平滑一條初始時變趨勢軌跡，並且利用長波長寬巷線性組合聯解，由粗至細(由長至短)層次式逼近，來幫助幾何位置之收斂，在處理過程中並且考慮所有二次差分之電離層延遲量。最後以獨立不相關之載波觀測量L1、L2進行相位餘弦聯解之最小二乘估計，並且利用統計檢定來檢定其殘差二次型是否合理。本研究利用一個低動態實驗來探討此層次式位置收斂概念於相位餘弦模式之OTF相對定位的可行性。

摘要(英)

Integer ambiguity parameters are very important, yet unknown variables when using GPS carrier phases for ranging and positioning. Theoretically, it is equivalent to either eliminate the integer ambiguities or to estimate them. The use of cosine functions to eliminate any integer ambiguities in relative positioning applications causes spatial ambiguity problems to arise, but both reasonably approximated positions and wavelength-dependent convergence ranges are of the utmost importance.
Differential GPS-based position solutions are smoothed to create an initial time-varying trend trajectory. Long-wavelength wide-lane phase combinations are utilized to facilitate positional convergence, on a stage-by-stage basis. Although as by-products, all the double-difference ionospheric path delays will be obtained, when, finally, the respective cosines of the L1 and L2 carrier phases undergo a simultaneous least-squares estimation. In particular, the quadratic forms of the estimated phase residuals are linked with statistical testing to allow for a meaningful inference. Some low-dynamics experiments prove the feasibility of the hierarchical positioning concept.

關鍵字(中)

★ On-The-Fly
★ 位置層次式
★ 寬巷
★ 收斂空間
★ 相位餘弦模式

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

中文摘要.........................................I
英文摘要........................................II
圖目錄.........................................III
表目錄..........................................IV
第一章緒論.....................................1
1.1 文獻回顧....................................1
1.2 研究動機....................................3
1.3 論文架構....................................4
第二章 GPS衛星測量基本理論......................5
2.1 電碼與載波相位資料..........................5
2.2 觀測方程式..................................6
2.2.1 虛擬距離觀測方程式.........................6
2.2.2 載波相位觀測方程式.........................9
2.3 差分模式...................................11
2.3.1 一次差分..................................12
2.3.2 二次差分..................................14
第三章載波相位餘弦函數模式....................16
3.1 相位餘弦模式...............................16
3.2 餘弦與正弦模式之全等性.....................17
3.3 雙頻觀測量之應用模式.......................19
3.3.1 雙頻觀測量之線性組合模式..................19
3.3.2 載波相位觀測間之聯解模式..................21
3.4 最小二乘法.................................22
第四章統計檢定與求解步驟......................24
4.1 統計檢定...................................24
4.1.1 卡方(Chi-Square)統計檢定..................24
4.1.2 費雪(Fisher)統計檢定......................26
4.2 迭代資料搜評...............................26
4.3 判別檢定...................................28
4.3.1 判別檢定之方法............................28
4.5 求解步驟...................................31
4.5.1 電碼階段軌跡平滑..........................33
4.5.2 超、特寬巷階段............................34
4.5.3 中寬巷、寬巷之聯解........................37
4.5.4 獨立相位L1、L2之聯解......................39
第五章實驗成果與分析..........................40
5.1 資料處理設備...............................40
5.2 層次式收斂分析.............................41
5.3 靜態資料處理...............................48
5.3.1 實驗例子之基線及相關資料..................48
5.3.2 靜態資料處理分析..........................49
5.4 動態實驗成果與分析.........................60
第六章結論與建議..............................64
6.1 結論.......................................64
6.2 建議.......................................65
參考文獻........................................67
附錄A 載波相位二次差分線性組合之餘弦函數模式...71
附錄 B 正交變換................................76

參考文獻

內政部，「應用全球定位系統實施台閩地區基本控制點測量計畫」總報告，台北(1998)。
吳究、游豐吉，「雙頻GPS相位餘弦模式之空間收斂性」，中國土木水利工程學刊，第十二卷，第二期，第371-379頁(2000)。
林孜彥，「衛星測量雙頻相位一次差取餘弦函數聯解之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學太空科學研究所，中壢(1997)。

游豐吉，「應用GPS載波相位餘弦模式於衛星測量之研究」，博士論文，國立中央大學土木工程研究所，中壢(1999)。

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指導教授

吳究(Joz Wu)

審核日期

2001-7-18

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