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姓名 郭佳中(Jia-zhong Guo) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 土木工程學系 論文名稱 軌道列車平輪快速診斷技術
(An On-Line Fast Evaluation Technique for Train Wheel flats)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式] [Bibtex 格式] [相關文章] [文章引用] [完整記錄] [館藏目錄] [檢視] [下載]
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摘要(中) 本研究乃針對軌道列車之車輪踏面扁平問題進行診斷評估,以建立一套基於行車安全且不中斷營運之長期監控系統。當列車通過監測區段時,利用安裝於鋼軌底板上之陣列式光纖應變計(Array-type FBG),擷取鋼軌應變歷時資料,並透過現地監控電腦快速進行數據分析。而本研究在數據分析上採用兩種分析方法—特徵線法(Feature Line Method)及衝擊比值指標(Impact Ratio Index)。其概念在於帶有車輪扁平之擦傷車輪(平輪)與軌道持續滾動接觸時,將於擦傷部位產生車輪滯空之現象,使得應變量下降,又因滯空後之撞擊而造成應變量上升,利用此一應變轉折之特徵圖形作為判別機制,形成損傷特徵線之可視化圖形作為圖像判別;並透過剪力法計算因平輪所造成之衝擊力以及健康車輪下之平均輪重,並將該衝擊力與平均輪重之比值作為平輪之損傷指標(IR index)。
平輪損傷警戒層級之界定辦法,在本研究則介紹一種快速計算平輪撞擊之數值模擬方法進行制定,參考Mazilu[15]利用格林函數(Green’s Function)之數學概念計算平輪撞擊之力學行為,該方法簡單且快速,若能得到現地軌道結構之實驗參數,則可利用該方法建立出IR index之警戒層級趨勢,且搭配現地監控設備建置長期歷史資料庫並進行每日車輛平輪損傷追蹤,進而達到即時列車災害防護之最大功效。本論文詳細說明了實驗設備之安裝配置,應變訊號處理,分析方法、分析成果及平輪撞擊數值模擬結果。
摘要(英) Flat Spot is a defect of running surface on railway wheel , giving rise to noise and safety problems. This type of damage occurs when the wheel locks and slides along the rail, leading to the wheel surface presenting a lack of material. The manual visual inspection in depot is the commonly adopted detection to identify wheel defect ,but consumes a lot of time and manpower. Therefore, an automatic, reliable and accurate monitoring system for wheel tread is must desirable. The research describes a real-time wheel flat monitoring system based on the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors of array-type, installed near the root of the rail for measuring the strain caused by each wheel load. Feature Line Method (FLM) and Impact Ratio index (IR index) has been developed to express the wheel condition. The FLM can generate the graphic visualization about non-contact period of flat spot, but cannot quantify a damage level of wheel flat. The IR give a ratio about peak load and average load to be an index that essentially indicated the condition of wheel defect, but the measured range reduced to 60% of wheel circumference. The alarm level of the IR index caused by wheel flats requires the application of numerical simulation - Green’s function and the historical database in the field experiments to formulate. 關鍵字(中) ★ 列車鋼輪監測系統
★ 車輪扁平
★ 平輪
★ 鋼輪擦傷
★ 衝擊力
★ 影響函數關鍵字(英) ★ Wayside Inspection
★ Defective Wheels
★ Wheel Flats
★ Out-off-round
★ Flat Spot
★ Skid
★ Green function論文目次 摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 諸論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究目的 2
1-3 研究方法 3
1-4 研究大綱 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 前言 4
2-2 靜態車輪檢測方式 5
2-2-1 接觸式位移量測計-縱向車輪面 5
2-2-2 接觸式位移量測計-橫向車輪面 7
2-3 動態車輪監測方式 8
2-3-1 應變計式檢測方法 8
2-3-2 加速度計式檢測方法 13
2-3-3 複合式檢測方法 14
2-3-4 車輪外觀影像檢測 15
2-3-5 動態接觸式輪緣位移檢測 16
第三章 鋼軌即時應變數據分析 17
3-1 平輪監測系統配置 17
3-2 訊號前處理 21
3-2-1 車種判別 21
3-2-2 單一車輪之輪重反應曲線 28
3-3 分析方法-特徵線法 30
3-3-1 特徵點之概念 30
3-3-2 曲線擬合之應用 31
3-3-3 特徵線之概念與判別方式 33
3-3-4 特徵線圖之最大特徵點數分佈 35
3-3-5 鄰輪效應之影響 37
3-4 分析方法-衝擊比值 38
3-4-1 數值微分之應用 39
3-4-2 剪力法反算衝擊力 42
3-4-3 衝擊比值之計算方式 45
3-4-4 案例分析 46
3-5 分析結果 48
3-5-1 推拉式自強號分析結果 49
3-5-2 莒光號分析結果 58
3-5-3 區間車分析結果 65
第四章 平輪動力效應之理論分析 76
4-1 有限元素法求解軌道結構系列問題 76
4-1-1 集中力作用於軌道上之靜力解問題 76
4-1-2 移動力作用在軌道上之影響線問題 80
4-2 影響函數(GREEN’S FUNCTION)定理 83
4-3 平輪作用於雙層無限長彈性支承軌道之解析解推導 85
4-3-1 軌道結構模型之影響函數 86
4-3-2 車輛模型之影響函數 100
4-3-3 非線性Hertz接觸模型 105
4-3-4 平輪模型 107
4-4 平輪撞擊之數值模擬結果 109
4-4-1 不同車輛模型之數值模擬結果 109
4-4-2 容許規範平輪之數值模擬結果 115
4-4-3 方法驗證 124
第五章 結論與建議 130
參考文獻 132
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指導教授 王仲宇(Chung-Yue Wang) 審核日期 2014-7-29 推文 facebook plurk twitter funp google live udn HD myshare reddit netvibes friend youpush delicious baidu 網路書籤 Google bookmarks del.icio.us hemidemi myshare