白綠LED不同混光比例之 中介視覺照明節能與接受度研究

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：21

、訪客IP：3.144.86.38

姓名

陳翰(Han Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

白綠LED不同混光比例之中介視覺照明節能與接受度研究
(Comparisons of Different Proportions of Green to White-light LEDs in Mesopic Vision for Energy Saving and Visual Acceptability)

相關論文

★ 以GATE模型及系統矩陣演算法重建SPECT螺旋影像	★ LED檯燈視覺舒適度研究
★ 表面電漿共振系統之相位擷取與分析	★ 人眼眼球模型與視覺表現之模擬分析研究
★ 白光LED之視覺生理效應評估	★ 不同色溫螢光燈用於辦公室照明之視覺效應研究
★ 表面電漿共振儀之動態相位偵測技術與微量生物分子檢測應用	★ 二次通過成像架構量測人眼的光學系統品質
★ 週期性奈米金屬結構對拉曼散射訊號增強之研究	★ 日眩光要因分析研究
★ 非球面檢測之迭代相移干涉與子孔徑相位接合演算法開發	★ 應用可容忍隨機位移之相移干涉術於相位式表面電漿共振系統之穩定度增進
★ 以偵測任務及系統效能評估找尋多針孔微單光子放射電腦斷層掃描系統之最佳化配置	★ 結合表面電漿共振及溫度控制於免疫球蛋白鍵結之檢測分析
★ 以二次通過成像量測架構及降低誤差迭代演算法重建人眼之點擴散函數	★ 多陽極光電倍增管閃爍相機之訊號讀出系統與高效最大可能性位置估算演算法開發

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

LED由於兼具壽命長與低耗能等特性，符合現今重視節省能源的時代訴求，在光電產業佔有重要地位。而使用的範圍，也從辦公室的室內照明逐漸移向戶外，包含停車場以及夜間道路照明都是其應用範圍。當利用於夜間道路照明時，由於照明環境屬於明視覺與暗視覺間的中介視覺，對人眼最敏感的波長位於555 nm與507 nm之間，此波長屬於綠光波長，因此在原本的白光LED中混入綠光晶片，將有機會用節能的方式提供給使用者相同亮度感受的照明環境。本研究以積分球量測四種不同白綠混光比例的LED，並與全白的LED比較相同耗能下的中介視覺輝度與發光效率，同時以心理物理學實驗，用問卷的方式進行主觀視覺接受度的評估。
量測結果顯示，不論從中介視覺輝度或是發光效率來比較，不同白綠混光比例的LED在10-20 mA的低驅動電流時，節能效果皆是隨S/P-ratio(暗明視覺比例)升高而提高，而在高電流350 mA時則是若S/P-ratio低於4W3G(四個白光與三個綠光晶片的混光LED)的1.952時，與純粹白光LED晶片(5W)在發光效率的比較上即不再有節能效果。在視覺接受度實驗中，5W4G與4W2G與5W有相近的接受度，而在色度座標上較偏綠色的4W3G與4W4G明顯的較不被受試者所接受。本研究顯示提高S/P-ratio可幫助達到節能的目標，而節能且具接受度的白綠混光LED是可行的應用方向。

摘要(英)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) occupy an important portion in the optoelectronics industry due to their good characteristics, such as long life time and low energy consumption, meeting the worldwide demands for energy saving. The range of LED usage has gradually moved from indoor lighting to outdoor lighting. The applications include parking lot lighting and street lighting at night. Human eyes in these lighting environments are under mesopic vision, which is between scotopic and photopic visions and is most sensitive to green light with wavelengths between 507 and 555 nm. For this reason, adding green content to white light LEDs shall have the opportunity to provide illumination with less energy but the same brightness to users.
In this study, five different proportions of green to white LED chips are packaged, including 5W4G (5 white and 4 green chips), 4W4G, 4W3G, 4W2G, and 5W. These LEDs are measured by an integrating sphere. The spectra and energy consumptions are used to compute the energy saving ratios compared to the case of 5W in terms of mesopic luminance and luminous efficacy. Besides, psychophysical experiments are conducted to assess the visual acceptability and clarity of these LEDs by questionnaires.
The measurement results show that for different proportions of green to white LEDs at low driving currents (10-20 mA), the energy saving ratio is better when the LED has a higher S/P-ratio (scotopic and photopic ratio). This is true both in terms of mesopic luminance and luminous efficacy. However, at a higher driving current of 350 mA, when the S/P-ratio is lower than 1.952 (the case of 4W3G), the LED no longer has the energy saving property in luminous efficacy compared to the case of 5W. In psychophysical experiments, the cases 5W4G, 4W2G and 5W have approximate visual acceptability and clarity, and are better choices than the cases 4W4G and 4W3G, whose chromaticity coordinates are closer to the saturated green color. This study validates that raising the S/P-ratio of LEDs is beneficial for energy saving. Adding green chips into white light LEDs has the potential for energy efficient lighting with high visual acceptability and clarity.

關鍵字(中)

★ LED
★ 節能
★ 中介視覺
★ 視覺接受度

關鍵字(英)

★ LED
★ energy saving
★ mesopic vision
★ visual acceptability

論文目次

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 V
目錄 VI
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XI
第一章緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2研究目的 3
1-3論文架構 3
第二章文獻探討 4
2-1中介視覺 4
2-1-1中介視覺的產生 4
2-1-2中介視覺計算模型 8
2-1-3中介視覺應用 10
2-2照明評估方式 11
2-2-1照明建議評估 11
2-2-2色彩與CIE表色系統 14
2-2-3節能計算 20
2-3心理學實驗研究法 21
第三章研究方法與步驟 26
3-1受試者徵求資格說明 26
3-2實驗設計 27
3-2-1自變項設計 27
3-2-2依變項設計 29
3-3實驗設備 32
3-3-1白綠雙色LED燈 32
3-3-2手持式照度計 34
3-3-3視力檢查儀 35
3-3-4可調式日光燈管 36
3-4實驗環境配置 36
3-5實驗流程 38
3-6資料統計分析方式 39
第四章結果與討論 40
4-1 LED節能計算 40
4-2人因實驗 47
4-2-1人因實驗受試者基本資料 47
4-2-2實驗結果 47
4-2-3結果討論 48
4-2-4實驗結果之應用性 53
第五章結論與未來展望 55
參考文獻 57
中英文對照表 62
附錄一受試者觀看接受度評估圖片 65
附錄二實驗問卷內容 67
附錄三 IRB相關證明 68

參考文獻

[1] 經濟部能源局，能源報導－能源計畫，2014。
http://energymonthly.tier.org.tw/outdatecontent.asp?ReportIssue=20
1401&Page=24
[2] M. S. Rea, “Lighting and seeing: The difference between night and day,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources (LS-8), G. Babucke ed., 120-129, Greisfwald, Germany (1998).
[3] E. Dowling and B. B. Boycott, “Organization of the Primate Retina: Electron Microscopy,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 166, No. 1002, pp. 80-111(1966).
[4] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/rodcone.html
[5] J. D. Bullough and M. S. Rea, “Visual performance under mesopic conditions: Consequences for roadway lighting,” Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1862, 89-94 (2007).
[6] CIE S 010/E: Photometry – The CIE System of Physical Photometry (2004).
[7] M. S. Rea, J. D. Bullough, J. P. Freyssinier-Nova, and A. Bierman, “A proposed unified system of photometry,” Lighting Res Technol 36(2), 85-109 (2004).
[8] A. Freiding, M. Eloholma, J. Ketomäki, L. Halonen, H. Walkey, T. Goodman, J. Alferdinck, G. Várady, and P. Bodrogi, “Mesopic visual efficiency I: Detection threshold measurements,” Lighting Res Technol 39(4), 319-334 (2007).
[9] M. Viikari, A. Ekrias, M. Eloholma, and L. Halonen, “Modeling spectral sensitivity at low light levels based on mesopic visual performance,” Clinical Ophthalmology 2, 173-185 (2008).
[10] J. D. Bullough and M. S. Rea, “Simulated driving performance and peripheral detection at mesopic and low photopic light levels,” Lighting Research & Technology 32(4): 194-198 (2000).
[11] IESNA, “American National Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting,” RP-8-00,14-17(2000)
[12] P. O. Wanvik, “Effects of road lighting: An analysis based on Dutch accident satistics 1987-2006,” Accident Analysis and Prevention 41, 123-128 (2009).
[13] L. Guo, M. Eloholma, and L. Halonen, “Intelligent road lighting control systems,” Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Electronics, Lighting Unit, Report 50, Espoo, Finland (2008).
[14] 東亞照明，「CNS國家照度標準」，http://www.chinaelectric.com.tw/cns.htm.
[15] 許勝雄、吳水丕、彭游，人因工程，滄海書局，台中市，601~606頁，2000。
[16] T. F. Golob and W. W. Recker, “Relationships among urban freeway accidents, traffic flow, weather, and lighting conditions” Journal of transportation engineering © ASCE, 342-353 (2003).
[17] M. Eloholma, J. Ketomaki, P. Orrevetelainen and L. Halonen, “Visual performance in night-time driving conditions,” Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 26, 254-263 (2006).
[18] P. Orrevetelainen, M. Viikari, and L. Halonen, “Make way for peripheral V(λ),” Light & Engineering 13, 23-34 (2005).
[19] I. Newton, “A new theory about light and colors,” Philos. Trans. R.Soc. 80, 3075-3087 (1672).
[20] W. Wright, “A re-determination of the trichromatic coefficients
of the spectral color,” Trans. Opt. Soc. 30, 141-164 (1929).
[21] W. Wright, “A re-determination of the mixture curves of the
spectrum, ”Trans. Opt. Soc. 31, 201-218 (1930).
[22] J. Guild, “The colorimetric properties of the spectrum,” Philos.
Trans. R.Soc. 230, 149-187 (1932).
[23] E. Carter, “Colorimetry,” Publ. CIE 15 (2004).
[24] 大田登，色彩工程學理論與應用，全華圖書出版公司，(2008)。
[25] G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, “Visual Equivalence and Risual Matching: Precision of Color Matching for Normal Trichromats MacAdam Ellipses,” Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, Wiley inter-science, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, p.306-313 (1982).
[26] 廖詩芳，“符合人眼色差知覺之均勻色彩空間”，國立中央大學光電科學與工程學研究所碩士論文，中華民國九十六年七月。
[27] F. Rubinstein, Michael Siminovitch, Rudolph Verderber, “Fifty Percent Energy Savings with Automatic Lighting Controls” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 29, no. 4(1993).
[28] P. Waide, B. Lebot, and M. Hinnells, “Appliance energy standards in Europe” Energy and Buildings, Volume 26, Issue 1, 35-44(1997).
[29] 經濟部能源局，節能技術手冊，財團法人台灣綠色生產力基金會編印，(2007)。
[30] 林清山，心理與教育統計學，東華書局，312-313頁，(1992)。
[31] 洪蘭、曾志朗，心理學實驗研究法，遠流出版公司，86-113頁，(1989)。
[32] J. J. Shaughnessy, E. B. Zechmeister, and J. S. Zechmeister, Research Methods in Psychology, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 245-259(2008).
[33] 內政部營建署，市區道路工程規劃及設計規範之研究-第十九章-市區道路照明設計，(2002)。
[34] http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/mv/allfaces/index.html
[35] F. M. Zeried, “Effect of the optical blur on visual performance and comfort of computer users,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alabama at Birmingham( 2007).
[36] Y. Nojiri, H. Yamanoue, A.Hanazato, M. Emoto and F. Okano, “Visual comfort/discomfort and visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic HDTV viewing,” Electronic Imaging, Vol. 5291, pp. 303-313(2004).
[37] F. Speranza, L. B. Stelmach, W. J. Tam, and R. Glabb, “Visual comfort and apparent depth in 3D systems：Effects of camera convergence distance,” Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 4864, pp. 146-156 (2002).
[38] 王保進，SPSS與行為科學研究，心理出版社，台北，150-152頁，(2006)。
[39] M. S. Rea, Lighting Handbook: Reference and Application, 8th ed., Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), New York, 460-461(1993).
[40] 朱經明，教育及心理統計學，五南圖書出版公司，台北，386-394頁，(2007)。
[41] J. B. de Boer, “Visual perception in road traffic and the field of vision of the motorist,” Public Lighting, pp.11-96(1967).

指導教授

陳怡君(Yi-chun Chen)

審核日期

2014-8-1

推文