博碩士論文 962203037 詳細資訊




以作者查詢圖書館館藏 以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 以作者查詢全國書目 勘誤回報 、線上人數:20 、訪客IP:3.144.31.64
姓名 施懿峯(Yi-feng Shih)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 化學學系
論文名稱 利用光達技術探測氣膠與水汽之作用
(Measurements of water vapor and aerosols by using Lidar)
相關論文
★ 氧氣在105-190nm間高激發態之光譜研究★ H2O光解產生OH(A2Σ+)振動態之研究
★ 氮氣光譜之研究Ⅰ:C3Πu-X1Σg+及a1Πg- X1Σg+系統★ 丙炔與丙二烯吸收光譜之研究
★ O2(b1Sg+)氣輝的全球分布與變化★ 以雷射雷達量測對流層頂之溫度、高度分布 -與無線電探空儀量測資料之比較、分析
★ 氮氣光譜之研究Ⅱ: C3Πu-X1Σg+及a1Πg- X1Σg+系統★ 一氧化氮激態的消光及螢光激發光譜之研究
★ 一氧化氮激態D2Σ+螢光之消激研究★ 一氧化氮激態A2Σ+螢光之消激研究
★ 中壢上空10–30公里間的卷雲、氣膠、溫度的測量與光散射性質之研究★ 低對流層氣膠之光達量測
★ 對流層氣膠光學性質之研究★ 氮氣分子在45-100 nm之光吸收、光離子化、光解離
★ 利用地面與空載光達進行熱帶高空卷雲之研究★ N2O在60-120nm之吸收光譜、光游離與螢光激發光譜
檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   [檢視]  [下載]
  1. 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
  2. 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
  3. 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。

摘要(中) 對於研究氣膠的吸濕性和成雲的過程,利用拉曼光達來同步地觀測大氣中的水汽和氣膠是相當具有吸引力的方式。本論文描述第一次在台灣中壢地區同步操作兩套光達系統,分別為偏振光達及拉曼光達來研究低對流層中的氣膠和水汽,並討論水汽對氣膠之微物理性質的影響。
分析其觀測的結果幫助我們了解不同時間在低對流層中濕度的高度分佈。除了研究氣膠的吸濕性之外,我們也利用拉曼光達技術分別決定出氣膠的消光係數及背向散射係數的垂直剖面圖,進而計算出消光背向散射比(lidar ratio)。
由同步觀測之結果發現在3/14之個案中水汽與氣膠消偏振比值隨時間之變化呈現負相關,證實了氣膠與水汽間的交互作用,即氣膠吸濕性。並藉由氣膠消偏振比值與lidar ratio值的差異可說明由不同來源的氣膠有不同的光學特性。中國北部而來之氣膠(沙塵)其消偏振比值(>0.15)相較於中國中南部、東南亞或台灣海峽附近等地而來之氣膠消偏振比值(0.06~0.1)有顯著的差異,且中國北方來之氣膠和沿岸而來之氣膠比起由中國南方來的氣膠有相對較小的lidar ratio值。
摘要(英) The unique capability of the Raman lidar to simultaneously observe water vapor and aerosols makes the technique very attractive for studying the hygroscopic aerosols and the conditions under which clouds form. This thesis describe two lidar sytems viz Depolar and Raman lidar system simultaneously for the first time at Chung-Li, Taiwan to study aerosols and water vapor in the lower troposphere and discuss the impact of water vapor on the microphysical properties of aerosols.
Analysis of the results help us to understand the small scales perturbation of humidity in the lower troposphere over different time scales. In addition, the studies of hygroscopic growth of aerosols, the lidar ratio profile of aerosols which is computed by using Raman lidar technique for determining independently the aerosols extinction and backscatter coefficients vertical profiles have been also discussed.
關鍵字(中) ★ 水汽
★ 氣膠
★ 光達
★ 拉曼散射
關鍵字(英) ★ Aerosols
★ LIDAR
★ Raman scattering
★ Water vapor
論文目次 中文摘要 Ⅰ
ENGLISH ABSTRACT Ⅱ
謝誌 Ⅲ
研究動機 IV
目次 Ⅴ
表目錄 Ⅶ
圖目錄 Ⅶ
第1章 簡介 1
1.1 氣膠 2
1.2 水汽 17
第2章 實驗方法 23
2.1 光達 23
2.2光達方程式 26
2.3偏振光達量測原理 28
2.4LIDAR RATIO 30
2.5 台灣地面光達系統 .33
第3章 拉曼光達之水汽量測 37
3.1 水汽量測理論 37
3.2 光達系統的操作 45
3.3 誤差分析 48
第4章 結果與討論:氣膠與水汽之關係 57
4.1 氣膠光學厚度與水汽 57
4.2 氣膠來源:HYSPLIT模式 59
4.3 個案討論 59
4.4 氣膠與LIDAR RATIO的關係 81
第5章 結論 83
參考文獻 85
參考文獻 Ackerman, J.:The extinction-to-backscatter ratio of tropospheric aerosol: a numerical study, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 15, 1043-1050, 1998
Andreae, M. O. and Crutzen, P. J.: Atmospheric aerosols: biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052-1058, 1997.
Chen, W.N., Chiang, C.W., Nee, J.B.:Lidar ratio and depolarization ratio for cirrus clouds, Applied Optics, 41, 6470-6476, 2002
Chen, W.N., C.C. Tsao, J.B. Nee, Tropospheric and Lower Stratospheric Temperature Measurement by Rayleigh Lidar, J. of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66, 39-49, 2004.
Chen, W.N., F.J. Tsai, Charles C.K. Chou, S.Y. Chang, Y.W. Chen, and J.P. Chen:Optical properties of Asian dusts in the free atmosphere measured by Raman lidar at Taipei, Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7698-7714, 2007
Chiang, C.W., W.N. Chen, W.A. Liang and J.B. Nee, Lidar Measurements of Spring Dusts in 2002 at Chung-Li (25°N, 121°E), Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO), Vol.15, No.5, 813-824, 2004.
Chiang, C.W., W.N. Chen, W.A. Liang, S.K. Das, and J.B. Nee, Optical properties of tropospheric aerosols based on measurements of lidar, sun-photometer, and visibility at Chung-Li (25°N, 121°E), Atmospheric Environment, 41, 4128-4137, 2007.
Chiang, C.W., S. K. Das, and J. B. Nee, An iterative calculation to derive extinction-to-backscatter ratio based on lidar measurement, J. quant. spectrosc. radiat. transfer, 109, 1187-1195, 2008a.
Chiang, C.W., S. K. Das, and J. B. Nee, Lidar depolarization measurements for aerosol source and property studies over Chungli (24.58°N, 121.1°E), Atmospheric Research, 90, 203-210, 2008b.
Chou, Charles C.K., C.Y. Lin, T.K. Chen, S.C. Hsu, S.C. Lung, S. C. Liu, C.Y. Young:Influence of long-range transport dust particles on local air quality: a case study on Asian dust episodes in Taipei during the spring of 2002, TAO, 15, No. 5, 881-899, 2004
Cooney, J.A.: Remote measurements of atmospheric water vapor profiles using the Raman component of laser backscatter, J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 182-184,1970
Cruz, Celia N., and Pandis, Spyros N.:Deliquescence and Hygroscopic Growth of Mixed Inorganic-Organic Atmospheric Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 4313-4319, 2000
Dick, W. D., Saxena, P., and McMurry, P.H.:Estimation of Water Uptake by Organic Compounds in Submicron Aerosols Measured during the Southeastern Aerosol and Visibility Study, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D1), 1471–1480, 2000
Frank Raes, Rita Van Dingenen, Elisabetta Vignati, Julian Wilson, Jean-Philippe Putaud, John H. Seinfeld, Peter Adams:Formation and cycling of aerosols in the global troposphere, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 4215-4240, 2000
Hänel, G.: The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the Relative humidity at thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air, Adv. Geophys., 19, 73–188, 1976
K.T Whitby:The Physical Characteristics of sulfate Aerosols, Atmospheric Environment, 12, 135-159, 1978
Mårtensson E.M., E.D. Nilsson, G. Buzorius, and C. Johansson:Eddy covariance measurements and parameterisation of traffic related particle emissions in an urban environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys doi:1680-7324/acp/2006-6-769, 2006
Mårtensson E.M., E.D. Nilsson, G. de Leeuw, L.H. Cohen, and H.C. Hansson:Laboratory simulations and parameterization of the primary marine aerosol production, J. Geophy. Res. 108, 4297, doi:10.1029/2002JD002263, 2003
Mochida, M., and K. Kawamura:Hygroscopic properties of levoglucosan and related organic compounds characteristic to biomass burning aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21202, doi:10.1029/2004JD004962, 2004
Mochida, M., M. Kuwata, T. Miyakawa, N. Takegawa, K. Kawamura, and Y. Kondo:Relationship between hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity for urban aerosols in Tokyo:J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006980, 2006
Mochida, M., T. Miyakawa, N. Takegawa, Y. Morino, K. Kawamura, and Y. Kondo:Significant alteration in the hygroscopic properties of urban aerosol particles by the secondary formation of organics, Geophy. Res. Lett., 35, L02804, doi:10.1029/2007GL031310, 2008
Murayama, T., M. Furushima, A. Oda, N. Iwasaka and K. Kai:Depolarization ratio measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer by lidar in Tokyo, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 74, 571-578, 1996
Murayama, T., H. Okamoto, N. Kaneyasu, H. Kamataki, K. Miura:Application of lidar depolarization measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer: effects of dust and sea-salt particles, J. Geophy. Res., 104, 31781-31792, 1999
Murayama, T., Müller, D., Wada, K., Shimizu, A., Sekiguchi, M., Tsukamoto, T.:Characterization of Asian dust and Siberian smoke with multi-wavelength Raman lidar over Tokyo, Japan in spring 2003, Geophy. Res. Lett., 31, 10.1029/2004GL021105, 2004
Nee, J.B., C.N. Len, W.N. Chen, C.I. Lin, Lidar observation of the cirrus cloud in the tropopause at Chung-Li (25 °N, 121 °E), J. of the Atmospheric Science 55, 12, 2249-2257, 1998
Nee, J.B., C.W. Chiang, H.L. Hu, S.X. Hu, and J.Y. Yu, Lidar measurements of Asian dust storms and dust cloud interactions, Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D15202, dio:10.1029/2007JD008476, 2007.
Novakov, T. and C.E. Corrigan:Cloud condensation nucleus activity of the organic component of biomass smoke particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2141-2144, 1996
Peter Winkler, The Growth of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles with Relative Humidity, Physica Scripta. Vol. 37, 223-230, 1988
Rood, M. J., Covert, D. S., and Larson, T. V.:Hygroscopic properties of atmospheric aerosol in Riverside, California, Tellus, 39b, 383–397, 1987
Sakai, T., T. Shibata, Y. Iwasaka:Relative Humidity, Backscattering Ratio and Depolarization Ratio as Derived from Raman Lidar Observations, Journal of the Society of Japan, 75, No. 6, 1179-1185, 1997
Sakai, T., Shibata, T., Kwon, S. A., Kim, Y. S., Tamura, K., Iwasaka, Y.:Free tropospheric aerosol backscatter, depolarization ratio, and relative humidity measured with the Raman lidarat Nagoya in 1994-1997: contributions of aerosols from the Asian Continent and the Pacific Ocean, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 431-442, 2000
Sakai, T., Shibata, T., Iwasaka, Y., Nagai, T., Nakazato, M., Matsumura, T., Ichiki, A., Kim, Y.S., Tamura, K., Troshkin, D., Hamdi, S.:Case study of Raman lidar measurements of Asian dust events in 2000 and 2001 at Nagoya and Tsukuba, Japan. Atmospheric Environment 36, 5479-5489, 2002
Saxena ,P., Hildemann, L. M., Seinfeld, J. H., McMurry ,P. H.:Organics alter hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric particles, J. Geophy. Res., 100, NO. D9, P. 18,755-18,770, 1995
Tang, I. N., Wong, W. T. and Munkelwitz, H. R.:The relative importance of atmospheric sul10 phates and nitrates to visibility reduction, Atmos. Environ., 15, 2763-2471, 1981
Wandinger, U., D. Müller, C. Böckmann, D. Althausen, V. Matthias, J. Bösenberg, V. Weiß, M. Fiebig, M. Wendisch, A. Stohl, and A.Ansmann:Optical and microphysical characterization of biomassburning and industrial-pollution aerosols from multiwavelength lidar and aircraft measurements, J. Geophy. Res., 107, NO. D21, 8125, doi:10.1029/2000JD000202, 2002
Weber, A., S.P.S. Porto, L.E. Cheesman, and J.J. Barrett, High-resolution Raman spectroscopy of gases with cw-laser extinction, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 57, 19-28, 1967
Yuan, C.S., Sau, C.C., Chen, M.C., Huang, M.H., Chang, S.W., Lin, Y.C., and Lee, C.G.:Mass Concentration and Size-resolved Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols Sampled at the Pescadores Islands during Asian Dust Storm Periods in the Years of 2001 and 2002, TAO, 15, 857-879, 2004
Zardini, A. A., Sjogren S., Marcolli C.,Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., Baltensperger U., and Peter, T., A combined particle trap/HTDMA hygroscopicity study of mixed inorganic/organic aerosol particles, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 8, 5235–5268, 2008
黃希爾:東亞生質燃燒對台灣高山氣膠特性的影響,碩士論文,2004
林筱雯:東亞生質燃燒的區域影響,碩士論文,2003
林仲懿:雷射雷達對卷雲微物理性質之研究,碩士論文,1997
指導教授 倪簡白(Jan-bai Nee) 審核日期 2009-7-23
推文 facebook   plurk   twitter   funp   google   live   udn   HD   myshare   reddit   netvibes   friend   youpush   delicious   baidu   
網路書籤 Google bookmarks   del.icio.us   hemidemi   myshare   

若有論文相關問題,請聯絡國立中央大學圖書館推廣服務組 TEL:(03)422-7151轉57407,或E-mail聯絡  - 隱私權政策聲明