高重覆率雷射雷達之計時研究

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張智堯(Zh-Yiu Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

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光電科學與工程學系

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高重覆率雷射雷達之計時研究

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摘要(中)

追求更完善的生活品質，永遠是人們不曾懈怠的一項目標，而科技
的進步正是人類追求生活舒適性與安全性的重要推手。例如，近年來對
於交通工具導航與防撞系統的小型高重覆率雷射雷達之研究的蓬勃發
展。在幾種常見的雷射雷達系統中，飛時式雷射雷達由於適合高重覆率
操作，而且擁有很好的訊號雜訊比，所以非常的適用於如防撞雷達這一
類的應用。高解析度而快速的時間量測功能是飛時式雷射雷達系統中極
為重要的一環，同時它也在積體電路零件之特性量測、核子物理實驗以
及通訊等許許多多的應用中扮演著不可或缺的角色。
在各種電子式時間量測方式中，傳遞延時法是最近十五年內才開始
發展的方法，它有兩項獨特的優點，第一：它在兩次測量事件之間所需
的間隔時間是極短暫的，所以特別適合於高重覆率操作；第二：傳遞延
時法是一種全數位式的方式，可以很輕易的與計時系統的其他數位電路
整合在一起，成為一個單晶片積體電路，因而可以大大的減少電路所需
的空間、耗電量，並提高電路的穩定性。然而在積體電路的製程實務中，
因為實際佈線考量而無可避免的局部線路之轉折，引起電子元件間連接
導線長度的變化，進而造成測量結果的非線性現象則是限制精確度的主
要因素之一。特用積體電路的製作，除了發展極為完善的金屬氧化物半
導體製程外，可程控邏輯元件也提供了另一種很好的選擇。然而在使用
泛用型可程控邏輯元件來設計傳遞延時式計時電路時，受限於可程控邏
輯元件的通用性目的，對於線路的實際佈線有著諸多的限制，在測量線
性度上將產生更嚴重的問題。但是，使用可程控邏輯元件有著許多的好
處，諸如設計過程容易而迅速、可以不斷的再修改電路、不必花費大量
的消耗性製程經費與等待的時間就可以迅速得到符合要求功能的積體電
路等等。因此本論文的目的即在發展一套可以解決傳遞延遲式計時法的
非線性問題的新結構，非常適用於可程控邏輯元件的設計環境，同時也
可以應用於傳統的半導體製程中。

論文目次

目錄...................................... . i
圖目錄....................................i i i
表目錄....................................v i
第一章緒論-光學測距.. ..... . .......................... 1
1-1 連續光波調變型雷射雷達...... . ............ . ....... . 4
1-2 脈衝光波型雷射雷達.......................... . 7
第二章偵測距離....... .......................... . 9
2-1 測距方程式.............................. . 9
2-2 雜訊分析..............................2 3
2-3 波長選擇-大氣的效應..........................30
2-4 實例計算..............................3 4
第三章時點判別.................................40
3-1 延時線路式定比例時點鑑別.................. .....4 1
3-2 微積分式定比例時點鑑別................... .....4 4
3-3 延時線路式定比例時點鑑別電路實驗.............. .....4 7
第四章計時方式................................53
4-1 時間振幅轉換法...........................5 4
4-2 時間伸展法.............................5 6
4-3 游標尺法..............................5 8
4-4 傳遞延時法.............................6 0
第五章分支型傳遞延時式插補計時器.......................64
5-1 傳遞延時鏈的分支結構........................6 6
5-2 可程控邏輯元件與延時單元......................6 8
5-3 傳遞延時鏈之特性量測........................7 2
5-4 即時校正功能............................7 8
ii
第六章環狀傳遞延時式時間數碼轉換器.....................8 9
6-1 傳遞延時環...............................90
6-2 脈寬恢復型傳遞延時環.........................93
6-3 輸入與校準電路............................97
6-4 環狀傳遞延時式時間數碼轉換器之特性量測.................103
第七章結論與討論..............................108
參考文獻.....................................111
附錄一...................................A1
附錄二...................................B1
附錄三.....................................C1

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指導教授

梁忠義(Thomas C. Y. Leung)

審核日期

2000-7-11

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