大專生機車偏差駕駛行為的影響因素之研究-多層次跨類別分析之應用

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陳蕙妤(Hui-Yu Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

大專生機車偏差駕駛行為的影響因素之研究-多層次跨類別分析之應用

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摘要(中)

由於機車具有騎乘方便、經濟、動機性高等優點，成為台灣民眾最為普遍使用的運具，然而也因此衍生許多交通安全問題。根據內政部統計歷年A1類交通事故肇事車種發現主要以機車為主，佔將近50%，因此可將機車視為高肇事風險的車種。更進一步地依據機車事故年齡層分析，以18-24歲年輕族群最為嚴重，顯示年輕人可能因為初拿駕照、行車經驗不足、或安全觀念不夠，等致傷亡嚴重，成為機車事故之高風險族群。
　　本研究針對台灣地區156所大專院校，以集群抽樣之方式，分為北中南東四區，挑選其中50所學校，共1302位大專生參與調查，以多層次跨類別分析模式探討學校、地區與學生駕駛者間偏差駕駛行為之影響因素。
　　研究結果顯示，偏差駕駛行為、安全氣候、風險感認及駕駛態度彼此之間存在顯著的相關性。藉由模型分析，可以發現學生偏差駕駛行為在各學校之間具有顯著差異，但總體層級上，學校之安全氣候與來自的居住地對學生偏差駕駛行為並無顯著影響；而個體層級上，學生之風險感認與駕駛態度對偏差駕駛行為有顯著的負向影響，且風險感認也會正向影響駕駛態度。

摘要(英)

Motorcycle is a mode of transportation which is convenient, economy, and motorized, these characteristics lead to motorcycle becomes one of the most general vehicles in Taiwan, and result in many traffic accidents. As stated by Ministry of the Interior, the motorcycles in A1 accident the number of events is the largest and accounts for nearly 50%. Therefore, the motorcycles can be regarded as the types of vehicles having a high accident risk. Moreover, on the basis of the analysis of the ages causing motorcycle accidents, it happens on young people age 18-24 most frequently. The result represents that young people could be injured seriously or even lose their lives because of just getting their licenses, not having much experience and sense of safety.
This study sample consisted of 1,302 colleges and university students. 50 of 156 universities in Taiwan were selected according to their locations with North, Middle, South, and East four areas, and used Cross-Classified Random Effects Model (CCREM) to investigate the factors that influence aberrant driving behavior among schools, residences, and students.
According to the result of this study, aberrant driving behavior, risk perception, attitude, and safety climate are significant correlated with each other. By model analysis, it can be found that student’s aberrant driving behavior have significant differences among schools. But in group level, safety climate of school and place of residence not significant influence on aberrant driving behavior. In individual level, risk perception and attitudes toward traffic safety have a significant negative effect on aberrant driving behavior. Risk perception also have a positive effect on attitudes toward traffic safety.

關鍵字(中)

★ 偏差駕駛行為
★ 安全氣候
★ 風險感認
★ 駕駛態度
★ 多層次跨類別分析模型

關鍵字(英)

★ aberrant driving behavior
★ safety climate
★ risk perception
★ attitudes
★ Cross-Classified Random Effects Model (CCREM)

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究內容與目的 5
1.3研究步驟與流程 6
1.4研究貢獻 8
第二章文獻回顧 9
2.1駕駛行為之相關影響因子 9
2.2研究變數之定義與項目 10
2.2.1偏差駕駛行為 10
2.2.2風險感認 15
2.2.3駕駛態度 18
2.2.4安全氣候 20
2.3變數間之關係與假設 28
2.3.1安全氣候與偏差駕駛行為之關係 28
2.3.2安全氣候與風險感認之關係 29
2.3.3安全氣候與駕駛態度之關係 29
2.3.4風險感認與偏差駕駛行為之關係 30
2.3.5風險感認與駕駛態度之關係 31
2.3.6駕駛態度與偏差駕駛行為之關係 32
2.3.7地區與偏差駕駛行為之關係 33
2.4多層次跨類之概念與應用 34
第三章研究方法 37
3.1研究架構與假設 37
3.2研究變數之衡量與問卷設計 39
3.2.1偏差駕駛行為之變數衡量 39
3.2.2風險感認之變數衡量 39
3.2.3駕駛態度之變數衡量 39
3.2.4安全氣候之變數衡量 40
3.3資料分析方法 40
3.3.1敘述性統計分析 40
3.3.2項目分析 40
3.3.3信效度分析 41
3.3.4多層次跨類別分析 46
第四章資料與實證分析 52
4.1問卷資料蒐集 52
4.1.1調查對象 52
4.1.2樣本數界定 53
4.1.3預試階段 53
4.1.4正式問卷發放階段 54
4.2受測者資本資料分析 56
4.3項目分析 59
4.3.1偏差駕駛行為項目分析 59
4.3.2風險感認項目分析 60
4.3.3駕駛態度項目分析 61
4.3.4安全氣候項目分析 62
4.4信效度與驗證性因素分析 63
4.4.1偏差駕駛行為驗證性因素分析 63
4.4.2風險感認驗證性因素分析 67
4.4.3駕駛態度驗證性因素分析 69
4.4.4安全氣候驗證性因素分析 72
4.5相關分析 75
第五章多層次跨類別分析 77
5.1未條件化模型(零模型) 77
5.2未條件化第二層模型 77
5.3安全氣候固定效果的條件化第二層模型 81
5.4地區固定效果的條件化第二層模型 84
5.5安全氣候及地區固定效果條件化第二層模型 85
5.6安全氣候及地區隨機效果的條件化第二層模型 87
5.7結果分析與討論 90
第六章結論與建議 92
6.1研究結論與管理意涵 92
6.2未來研究建議 96
參考文獻 98
附錄A 預試問卷 110
附錄B 預試問卷項目分析 114
附錄C 正式問卷 120
附錄D 多層次線性模型與多層次跨類別分析模型分析比較 124

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指導教授

陳惠國(Huey-Kuo Chen)

審核日期

2015-7-23

推文