越庫作業之理貨區相關作業問題探討

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劉嘉珮(Chia-Pei Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

越庫作業之理貨區相關作業問題探討

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摘要(中)

越庫作業為物流作業中的一種策略，是指在越庫碼頭整合不同供應商的整車貨物後，根據訂單需求將各品項加以拆解、分類及堆放，最後裝上前來載取的卡車，送往顧客所要求的交貨地點；其中，所有品項均不需進貨檢驗，也不需儲存於物流中心之倉庫。越庫作業可省下入庫、儲存等作業，因此特別適合需要快速處理的緊急訂單，且適合將商品直接送到零售商的情況。
本研究針對使用配銷商型越庫（Distributor Cross Docking）之物流中心，從進貨貨車到達，至出貨貨車送出之作業流程。本研究主要探討理貨區的作業問題，分別為貨車訂單選取問題、理貨區儲存格指派問題與理貨區服務問題，並分別提出相對應的貨車訂單選取法則、理貨區儲存格指派法則與理貨區服務法則。最後利用模擬實驗所得到的數據，針對總系統執行時間、總理貨旅行距離、準時率、與總延後時間這四種績效指標下，找出何種組合對作業效率有較顯著的提升。

摘要(英)

Cross docking is a strategy of logistics operations which means that when the receiving shipment of inbound truck, according to the requirement from orders, the operators separate, sort, and place the items immediately. Finally, they collect these items on the outbound truck and delivery to the location where customer needs. All the items do not need to do examine and store in the distribution center. Because cross docking does not have the cost of bringing the product items into the warehouse and storing them, it is especially for emergency order that need to handle and delivery to the retailers as soon as possible.
This research focuses on the issue of Distributor Cross Docking, from the inbound truck arrives to the outbound truck leaves, and discusses about the operation on it. It is mainly discuss about the operation on tally area, includes order selection problem, cell of tally area assigning problem, and tally area serving problem, and respectively proposes order selection rule, cell of tally area assigning rule, and tally area serving rule. Finally, in this environment, comparing the data by On-time Delivery Rate, Total Tardiness, Total System Time, and Total Picking Distance, which were obtained by simulation experiments, to know which combination of the rules will performs better.

關鍵字(中)

★ 越庫作業
★ 貨車訂單選取法則
★ 理貨區儲存格指派法則
★ 理貨區服務法則

關鍵字(英)

★ cross docking
★ order selection rule
★ cell of tally area assigning rule
★ tally area serving rule

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究環境與基本假設 3
1.5 研究問題說明 4
1.6 論文架構 5
第二章文獻探討 8
2.1 物流 8
2.1.1 物流的定義 8
2.1.2 物流中心的介紹 9
2.1.3 物流中心的類別 10
2.2 越庫作業 12
2.2.1 越庫作業的定義 12
2.2.2 越庫作業的類型 15
2.2.3 越庫作業的決策問題 16
2.2.4 其它越庫作業相關文獻 19
2.3 揀貨作業 21
2.3.1 揀貨作業介紹 21
2.3.2 揀貨作業方法 22
2.3.3 揀貨路徑策略 24
2.4 倉儲規劃 27
2.4.1 倉儲空間設計 27
2.4.2 儲位指派 28
第三章研究方法 31
3.1 各研究議題之方法整理 31
3.2 越庫作業系統流程說明 33
3.2.1 進貨作業流程說明 33
3.2.2 理貨作業流程說明 36
3.3 進貨作業相關法則 39
3.3.1 Receiving Door指派法則-「最小總卸貨搬運距離估計值」 39
3.3.2 暫存區儲存格清除法則-「品項之簡單時段加權剩餘貨車訂單總和值」為基礎之暫存區品項位置清除法則 41
3.3.3 暫存區儲存格指派法則-「品項之簡單時段加權剩餘貨車訂單數總和值」搭配「中間擴散擺放」法則 42
3.4 理貨區開始作業條件 44
3.5 貨車訂單選取法則 44
3.5.1 隨機選取 44
3.5.2 最高訂單棧板滿足率 45
3.5.3 最高訂單品項滿足率 46
3.5.4 訂單棧板滿足數最多 47
3.5.5 訂單品項滿足數最多 48
3.5.6 最小理貨作業時間估計值 49
3.5.7 最小鬆弛時間（slack time）估計值 51
3.6 理貨區儲存格指派法則 53
3.6.1 隨機指派 53
3.6.2 離理貨區中間點愈近，愈優先被指派 54
3.6.3 與目前已在暫存區儲存格之該貨車訂單的需求品項之總距離愈小，愈優先被指派 55
3.6.4 與暫存區儲存格之估計總距離（方法一）愈小，愈優先被指派 57
3.6.5 與暫存區儲存格之估計總距離（方法二）愈小，愈優先被指派 60
3.6.6 離空棧板儲存格愈近，愈優先被指派 61
3.6.7 離已指派之理貨區儲存格的重心點愈近，愈優先被指派 62
3.7 理貨區服務法則 64
3.7.1 隨機選取 64
3.7.2 「最短理貨旅行距離」的訂單棧板 64
3.7.3 先「最早出貨時段」的貨車訂單，然後「最短理貨旅行距離」的訂單棧板 66
3.7.4 先「尚未完成揀貨棧板數最少」的貨車訂單，然後「理貨旅行距離最短」的訂單棧板 67
3.7.5 先「最早出貨時段」搭配「尚未完成揀貨棧板數最少」的貨車訂單，然後「理貨旅行距離最短」的訂單棧板 69
3.7.6 先「可進行揀貨的棧板比率最高」的貨車訂單，然後「理貨旅行距離最短」的訂單棧板 71
3.7.7 先「最早出貨時段」搭配「可進行揀貨的棧板比率最高」的貨車訂單，然後「理貨旅行距離最短」的訂單棧板 72
第四章實驗結果與分析 74
4.1 實驗設計 74
4.1.1 實驗環境 74
4.1.2 實驗目的 76
4.1.3 模擬實驗因子 76
4.1.4 績效評估指標 79
4.2 統計分析 80
4.2.1 依「總系統執行時間(TST)」為績效評估值 80
4.2.2 依「總理貨旅行距離(TPD)」為績效評估值 90
4.2.3 依「準時率(OTDR)」為績效評估值 100
4.2.4 依「總延後時間(TT)」為績效評估值 110
4.3 實驗結論 120
第五章結論及後續研究建議 123
5.1 研究結論 123
5.2 未來研究建議 124
參考文獻 125
中文文獻 125
英文文獻 126

參考文獻

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英文文獻
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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2015-7-24

推文