硫化錫-硫化銻作為鋰離子電池負極材料之研究

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郭怡汎(YU-FAN KUO) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

硫化錫-硫化銻作為鋰離子電池負極材料之研究
(SnS-Sb2S3 as Anode Materials for Li Ion Battery)

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摘要(中)

本實驗藉由溶劑熱法及物理混合法合成出SnS-Sb2S3粉末首次當作負極材料應用在鋰離子電池中，與Sb2S3及SnS做比較。本實驗有兩種不同比例的SnS-Sb2S3粉末：Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)以及Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)。Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)是由溶劑熱法合成出來，分為無煅燒及煅燒兩種；Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)是由溶劑熱法及物理混合法合成出來，也有分為無煅燒及煅燒，總共四種。這六種SnS-Sb2S3粉末與Sb2S3及SnS比較，其中以溶劑熱法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)煅燒後粉末電極在不同速率充放電中有較高的電容值以及在循環穩定性第一圈有較好的可逆電容值；以溶劑熱法製備Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)煅燒後粉末電極於300 mA/g定電流下反覆充放電150圈有後有28 %的維持率。
藉由改變黏著劑以及電解液來提升電容值以及維持率，將黏著劑以及電解液改成polyimide DB100以及1 M LiPF6 in FEC/DEC，電容值以及維持率都提高很多。其中以Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)煅燒後粉末電極在改變黏著劑與電解液之前的電容值是介於SnS與Sb2S3之間，改變之後電容值卻高於SnS與Sb2S3。以溶劑熱法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)煅燒後粉末電極於250 mA/g定電流下反覆充放電50圈後仍有高達92 %的維持率。

摘要(英)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used rechargeable batteries for powering electronic devices such as electric vehicles (EV), laptop computers and cellular phones due to their high energy density. We proposed to use ternary Sn-Sb-S metal sulfide as the active materials for LIBs. Specifically, Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4) and Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6) were first prepared and tested as anode. It is expected that the stepwise lithium insertion mechanism can alleviate volume changes and improve the mechanical stability of the electrode.
In this study, the Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4) and the Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6) powders are synthesized using solvothermal and physical mixture method. The as-prepared powders and annealed (500 oC) ones were tested. Noted that the as-prepared samples exhibited mixtures of SnS and Sb2S3. Depending on the preparation conditions, annealed samples show a major phase of SnSb2S4 and Sn3Sb2S6. Compare the Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4) and the Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6) with Sb2S3 and SnS, annealed Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6) powder provides the highest capacity of 829 mAh/g. However, anneaned Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4) powder has the best cycle stability with the reversible capacity of 164 mAh/g after 150 cycles at a constant current of 300 mA/g, corresponding to 28 % retention.
In a parallel experiment, binder and electrolyte were changed to improve the capacity and retention. Here, the binder, PVdF was replaced by polyimide DB100. The electrolyte was switched from commercial electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC) to 1 M LiPF6 in FEC/DEC. The capacities of ternary metal sulfide (Sn-Sb-S) were significantly enhanced, even better than that of the Sb2S3 and SnS binary metal sulfide. At a constant current of 250 mA/g, Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6) powder exhibits a reversible capacity of 963 mAh/g after 50 cycles with the retention of 92 %.

關鍵字(中)

★ 鋰離子電池
★ 負極
★ 硫化物

關鍵字(英)

★ Li-ion battery
★ anode
★ sulfide

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIV
第一章緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1 鋰離子二次電池概述 4
2-1-1 鋰離子二次電池之發展 4
2-1-2 鋰離子二次電池的工作原理 8
2-2 鋰離子二次電池各元件介紹 11
2-2-1 正極材料 11
2-2-2 電解液 14
2-2-3 隔離膜 17
2-2-4負極材料 17
2-3 Sb2S3之性質簡介及發展近況 21
2-4 SnS之性質簡介及發展近況 25
2-5 SnS-Sb2S3之簡介與發展近況 29
第三章實驗方法與步驟 32
3-1 實驗藥品與器材 32
3-1-1 化學藥品 32
3-1-2 實驗器材與儀器 34
3-2 實驗步驟 36
3-2-1 以不同溶劑與硫來源製備Sb2S3之鋰電池負極材料 36
3-2-2 以溶劑熱法製備SnS之鋰電池負極材料 39
3-2-3 以溶劑熱法製備Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)之鋰電池負極材料 41
3-2-4 以不同方法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)之鋰電池負極材料 43
3-3 材料鑑定與分析 46
3-3-1 X光粉末繞射儀(X-ray Diffraction, XRD) 46
3-3-2 場發式電子掃描顯微鏡(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, FE-SEM) 48
3-4 材料電化學分析 49
3-4-1 電極的製備 49
3-4-2 鈕扣型電池組裝 51
3-4-3 循環伏安法(Cyclic Voltammetry, CV) 52
3-4-4 計時電位法 52
第四章結果與討論 53
4-1 以不同溶劑與硫來源製備Sb2S3之鋰電池負極材料 53
4-1-1 以不同溶劑與硫來源製備Sb2S3粉末之結構分析 53
4-1-2 以不同溶劑與硫來源製備Sb2S3粉末之表面形貌分析 55
4-1-3 以不同溶劑與硫來源製備Sb2S3粉末之循環伏安法測試 59
4-1-4 以不同溶劑與硫來源製備Sb2S3粉末之電化學性能測試 61
4-2 以溶劑熱法製備SnS之鋰電池負極材料 64
4-2-1 以溶劑熱法製備SnS粉末之結構分析 64
4-2-2 以溶劑熱法製備SnS粉末之表面形貌分析 66
4-2-3 以溶劑熱法製備SnS粉末之循環伏安法測試 68
4-2-4 以溶劑熱法製備SnS粉末之電化學性能測試 70
4-3 以溶劑熱法製備Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)之鋰電池負極材料 73
4-3-1 以溶劑熱法製備Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)粉末之結構分析 73
4-3-2 以溶劑熱法製備Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)粉末之表面形貌分析 75
4-3-3 以溶劑熱法製備Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)粉末之循環伏安法測試 78
4-3-4 以溶劑熱法製備Sn(1)-Sb(2)-S(4)粉末之電化學性能測試 80
4-4 以不同方法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)之鋰電池負極材料 83
4-4-1 以不同方法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)粉末之結構分析 83
4-4-2 以不同方法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)粉末之表面形貌分析 86
4-4-3 以不同方法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)粉末之循環伏安法測試 92
4-4-4 以不同方法製備Sn(3)-Sb(2)-S(6)粉末之電化學性能測試 94
4-5 綜合比較 97
4-5-1 Sb2S3、SnS與SnS-Sb2S3粉末電極之電化學性能比較 97
4-5-2 Sb2S3、SnS與SnS-Sb2S3粉末電極改變黏著劑及電解液之電化學性能比較 105
第五章結論 112
參考文獻 114
附錄 125

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指導教授

李岱洲、張仍奎

審核日期

2015-8-11

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