以濺鍍法製作p-type單晶鍺薄膜於太陽能電池之應用

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毛奕群(Yi-Chun Mao) 查詢紙本館藏

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光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

以濺鍍法製作p-type單晶鍺薄膜於太陽能電池之應用
(Fabrication of P-type Monocrystalline Germanium Thin Films by Magnetron Sputtering for the Application of Solar Cell)

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摘要(中)

濺鍍製程擁有快速、安全、環保、低成本考量等製程優勢，近年來快速在太陽能電池領域興起並且到矚目。本論文成功的以濺鍍法於矽基板上製作單晶鍺薄膜以及單晶鍺硼薄膜，藉由薄膜分析與元件製作，討論單晶鍺薄膜以及單晶鍺硼鍺薄膜應用於太陽能電池上之可行性。

論文第一部分為薄膜分析，我們在矽(100)朝矽(111)傾斜0°、4°、6°，以及高品質矽(100)這四種矽基板上濺鍍厚度約580 nm的鍺薄膜，藉此探討基板傾斜角度與基板品質對磊晶鍺薄膜的影響。實驗結果顯示薄膜品質將依基板選擇而有所改變，在濺鍍功率125 W，製程溫度400℃，氬氣流量10 sccm，工作壓力5 mTorr的製程環境下，在6°傾斜切角的矽基板上成長的鍺薄膜品質最好，其差排缺陷密度為9.8"×" 〖"10" 〗^"5" 〖"cm" 〗^"-3" 。

第二部分為元件製作，選擇在鍺靶材上擺放硼顆粒以及使用鍺硼合金靶材這兩種方式，以濺鍍法製作p-type單晶鍺薄膜。摻雜鍺薄膜的品質與硼顆粒擺放量多寡有關，在擺放量12.5%與25%的比較下，硼顆粒擺放量較少，獲得的摻雜鍺薄膜品質較好。同時在玻璃基板上量測鍺硼薄膜電性，其摻雜濃度最高可達〖"10" 〗^"21" 〖"cm" 〗^"-3" ，顯示硼顆粒的添加使鍺薄膜達重摻雜效果。接著我們使用鍺硼比例99/1wt%的合金靶材，製作電阻率低於0.01 ohm-cm，摻雜濃度達〖"10" 〗^"19" 〖"cm" 〗^"-3" 的單晶鍺硼薄膜，並加以製作成鍺矽太陽能電池，驗證p-type鍺薄膜的摻雜效果，經由爐管退火改善p-type鍺薄膜品質，元件最佳表現可得開路電壓261.83 mV，短路電流10.78 mA，填充因子54.4%，轉換效率1.92%。

摘要(英)

This work presents an intrinsic and a boron-doped monocrystalline Ge (i-Ge and p-type Ge) thin films were deposited on silicon substrates by using the method of magnetron sputtering. XRD, Raman, AFM, EPD and Hall measurement were used to investigate the qualities of Ge thin films. And the post annealing process was chosen to improve the Ge thin film qualities. In the first part of this work, the monocrystalline i-Ge film was deposited with the aim to integrate Ge and GaAs on a Si substrate as a multi-junction solar cell. Four kinds of Si (100) substrates including 0°, 4°, 6° off-cut angles and two different grades of Si substrates were chosen to investigate the crystalline properties of the Ge thin films. The i-Ge thin film deposited on Si (100) substrate with 6° off-cut angle toward (111) after post annealing at 700℃ has the lowest threading dislocation density nearly 9.8"×" 〖"10" 〗^"5" 〖"cm" 〗^"-3" . In the second part, the monocrystalline p-type Ge thin films were fabricated by putting boron grains on a Ge target and Ge/B alloy target, respectively. P-type Ge thin film with the resistivity < 0.01 ohm-cm and the carrier concentration "~ 5×" 〖"10" 〗^"19" ＂＂〖"cm" 〗^"-3" were achieved after post annealing. Finally Ge/Si solar cell was fabricated with the best device performances of "V" _"OC" 261.83 mV, "I" _"SC" 10.78 mA, FF 54.4%, and conversion efficiency 1.92%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 濺鍍
★ 鍺薄膜
★ p-type鍺薄膜
★ 太陽能電池

關鍵字(英)

★ sputtering
★ germanium thin film
★ p-type germanium thin film
★ solar cell

論文目次

摘要 i

Abstract ii

致謝 iii

目錄 iv

圖目錄 vi

表目錄 ix

第一章緒論 1

1-1 前言 1

1-2 研究動機與目的 2

1-3 論文架構 4

第二章文獻回顧 6

2-1 鍺材料應用 6

2-2 常見的鍺薄膜鍍製方式 7

2-3 單晶鍺薄膜的相關研究 7

2-4 實驗流程 10

第三章實驗設備與分析工具 12

3-1 濺鍍設備 12

3-2 X光繞射分析儀 13

3-3 拉曼光譜儀 15

3-4 腐蝕坑密度量測 16

3-5 退火系統 16

第四章於不同矽基板上鍍製單晶鍺薄膜 17

4-1 於矽(100)基板上鍍製鍺薄膜 17

4-2 於不同矽基板上鍍製鍺薄膜 21

4-3 鍺薄膜缺陷分析 27

第五章於矽基板上鍍製p-type鍺薄膜 31

5-1 以添加硼顆粒的方式鍍製p-type鍺薄膜 31

5-2 以鍺硼合金靶鍍製p-type鍺薄膜 43

5-3 wxAMPS模擬鍺矽太陽能電池 47

5-4 製作鍺矽太陽能電池p-type層 50

5-5 鍺矽太陽能電池效率量測 61

第六章結論與未來工作 68

6-1 結論與未來工作 68

參考文獻 70

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指導教授

陳昇暉、曹昭陽(Sheng-Hui Chen Chao-Yang Tsao)

審核日期

2015-8-26

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