採用實數運算核心哈特利轉換之ACO OFDM可見光通訊系統等化器與實現

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謝東曄(Tung-Yeh Hsieh) 查詢紙本館藏

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電機工程學系

論文名稱

採用實數運算核心哈特利轉換之ACO OFDM可見光通訊系統等化器與實現
(Equalizer Design and Implementation for ACO OFDM VLC System with Real-valued Hartley Transform)

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摘要(中)

可見光通訊技術 ( Visible Light Communication, VLC ) 是目前正在發展中一種傳遞資料的通訊技術。本文以光通訊不對稱剪裁正交分頻多工調變 ( ACO-OFDM ) 做為調變方法並結合扮演未來照明主流的 LED 燈具所發出來的光為媒介，探討室內資料傳輸的通訊技術。
VLC 可使用的頻寬 ( 400THz到790THz )，相較於射頻 ( 3kHz到300GHz ) 大很多，且具有快速脈衝響應。另外，其高度的傳輸安全性、隱蔽性，以及能適應於電磁波干擾環境，亦是它的優點之一。儘管 LED 具有高頻寬及快速脈衝響應的特性，但是傳輸距離的影響及傳輸環境中光的干擾，卻會造成傳送資料在傳遞中遭遇通道效應而產生誤差。因此解決通道所造成的失真，為本篇論文的研究重點。
本論文使用光通訊不對稱剪裁正交分頻多工調變做為調變方法，據以設計可見光通訊的同步以及 DHT-based 等化器。對同步符碼偏移和時脈偏移之估測及補償與等化器通道之估測及資料補償，提出有效解決方法。本論文提出使用哈特利轉換指數型增益和相角之自動增益控制與載波回復頻域等化器 ( AGC-CR ) 電路結合可外部控制增益座標軸數位旋轉計數器電路，以 Matlab 與C 語言模擬，並以 Verilog 硬體描述語言實現電路最後使用 TSMC-90 nm 製程來實現所設計之電路，以驗證所提出之電路設計措施的有效性。

摘要(英)

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a developing communications technology for data delivery. This paper uses ACO-OFDM as modulation combining with the light form LED lighting applications, which are likely to become the predominant lighting equipment in the future.
　　 The bandwidth that which VLC uses (400THz~790THz) is wider than RF (3kHz~300GHz) and VLC also has a fast impulse response. Other advantages of VLC include high security of transmission and adaptability to Electro Magnetic Interference. However, even though VLC has a wider bandwidth and a fast impulse response, it can be interfered by distance and surrounding light during transmission. Thus, it will cause error during data transmission when channel effects occur. In particular, this paper focuses on solving distortion caused by the channel effects.
　　This paper uses ACO-OFDM as modulation, designing a Visible Light Communication Synchronization and DHT-based Equalizer. Providing an effective solution to symbol boundary detection, and the estimation and compensate of sampling clock offset, and the channel effect detection and data recovering of frequency equalizer. This research proposes combining using Discrete Hartley transform to Auto-gain control and Carrier recovery (AGC-CR) with exponential gain and phase against Modified Gain Control-Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (MGC-CORDIC). Simulations are done by using Matlab and C language, along with utilized Verilog HDL to design the circuit, and realizing the proposed circuit in TSMC-90nm to verify the performance.

關鍵字(中)

★ 等化器
★ 可見光通訊

關鍵字(英)

★ ACO
★ Equalizer
★ VLC

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言與研究動機 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章光通訊系統調變與系統架構 4
2.1 訊號調變 4
2.1.1 開關控制鍵調變(OOK) 4
2.1.2 脈衝振幅調變(PAM) 5
2.1.3 脈衝寬度調變(PWM) 5
2.1.4 脈衝位置調變(PPM) 6
2.1.5 正交分頻多工調變(OFDM) 7
2.1.6 光通訊直流偏壓型正交分頻多工調變 ( DCO OFDM ) 9
2.1.7 光通訊不對稱剪裁正交分頻多工調變(ACO-OFDM) 10
2.2 光通訊系統架構 17
2.3 系統規格 19
2.3.1 IEEE 802.11a規格 19
2.3.2 循環字首 20
2.3.3 前導符碼 21
2.3.4 短前導符碼(Short preamble) 21
2.3.5 長前導符碼 ( Long preamble ) 21
2.4 反轉離散哈特利轉換與資料擺放 22
第三章系統同步 25
3.1 符碼邊界同步 25
3.1.1 符碼邊界位移效應 25
3.1.2 符碼邊界位移偵測 28
3.2 取樣時脈偏移同步 30
3.2.1 取樣時脈偏移效應 30
3.2.2 取樣時脈偏移估測 32
3.2.3 取樣時脈偏移補償 33
第四章系統等化 38
4.1 通道估測 38
4.2 座標軸旋轉數位計算器 40
4.2.1 原理 40
4.2.2 向量模式 ( Vectoring Mode ) 42
4.2.3 旋轉模式 ( Rotation Mode ) 43
4.3 可外部控制增益座標旋轉數位計數器 44
4.4 最小方均根 ( LMS ) 頻域等化器 51
4.4.1 使用哈特利轉換的接收端 51
4.4.2 最小方均根演算法 ( Least Mean Square , LMS ) 53
4.4.3 直角坐標係 53
4.4.4 使用哈特利轉換的極座標系AGC-CR頻域等化器 55
4.4.5 使用哈特利轉換指數型增益和相角AGC-CR頻域等化器 61
4.5 頻域等化器整體架構 66
4.5.1 通道估測與補償流程 66
4.5.2 頻域等化器硬體架構 69
第五章 VLC系統與模擬結果 72
5.1 模擬環境 72
5.2 增益暫存器與相位暫存器模擬結果 74
5.3 星座點模擬結果 76
5.4 定點數分析 77
5.5 模擬與驗證結果 79
第六章結論與未來展望 81
參考文獻 82
附錄 86

參考文獻

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指導教授

薛木添(Muh-Tian Shiue)

審核日期

2015-7-20

推文