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姓名	唐啟賢(Chi-Hsien Tang)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	地球科學學系
論文名稱	1999 集集地震震後滑移與黏彈性變形之線性反演分析 (Linear inversion for afterslip and viscoelastic flow through the postseismic deformation following the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake)
相關論文	★ 利用GPS觀測資料探討台北地區之地殼變形 ★ 台灣地區大型地震前後地震活動率與庫倫應力的關係 ★ GPS時間序列的雜訊分析－美國東盆嶺及黃石蛇河平原觀測網 ★ 利用永久性散射體差分干涉法探討台南地區之地殼形變 ★ 台灣中部埔里盆地的構造活動: 衛星遙測和野外觀測 ★ 利用GPS同震位移資料逆推震源機制 ★ 岩石熱導率及其物理性質之經驗關係式研究:以台灣晚期中生代至新生代沉積岩為例 ★ 利用測地資料分析花東縱谷北段之地殼變形 ★ 2012霧台地震同震變形及震源區應力狀態分析 ★ 應用雷達差分干涉技術測量印度庫曼南部地表變形 ★ 利用GPS觀測資料及塊體模型來探討台灣的地殼變形 ★ 利用GPS觀測資料及塊體模型分析台灣中部及北部地區地殼變形 ★ 結合衛星雷達與GPS觀測資料分析北台灣地表變形 ★ 利用氣象局新一代井下地震監測網分析台灣地區淺層構造場址放大效應 ★ 臺灣中部晚期中新世至更新世二氧化碳 儲集層及蓋層之地層暨礦物組成研究 ★ 台灣GPS時間序列的雜訊分析
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摘要(中)	本研究分析1999年台灣集集地震之震後變形，使用台灣中部以及東部橫跨地震後14年的GPS連續觀測與定期觀測結果，進行時間序列分析得到集集地震震後地表位移。我們透過彈性半空間斷層錯位模型與體積應變模型，分別考慮車籠埔斷層以及台灣深部流變構造的幾何形態，建立斷層模型與黏彈性模型之格林函數，並且利用震後地表速度作為資料進行反演，計算斷層面上的震後滑移速率，以及下部地殼的應變速率隨時間的演進，藉此估算斷層面上的速度－狀態相關摩擦係數（a–b）及下部地殼的有效黏滯係數。我們發現，若加入考慮下部地殼的應變，將會得到截然不同的斷層滑移分布。反演結果顯示車籠埔斷層南段的斷層滑移速率，在集集地震震後初期可達到1 m/yr，並且在震後四年內快速衰減至低於0.1 m/yr，並估算出斷層面上的速度－狀態相關摩擦係數（a–b）約為9.4e-3，與前人研究所認為的量值相符合。然而，在有效黏滯係數的估算上，本研究使用岩石試驗參數所估算的有效黏滯係數比前人所認為的大了約10倍，可能代表實驗室與現地環境溫壓條件的不同，導致此計算仍有相當程度的不確定性。若是考慮同震庫倫應力變化，有效黏滯係數皆大約由1e18 Pa•s遞增至1e19 Pa•s，與前人研究所認為的範圍差異不大。未來若能使用更符合現地環境狀態的岩石試驗參數，此分析方法將能更有效地評估震後下部地殼與上部地函之間的黏滯係數隨時間的變化情形。
摘要(英)	We use GPS observations in central and eastern Taiwan to derive the postseismic deformation following the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake across 14 years. Combining 3D half-space dislocation model and finite-volume strain model with the geometries of the Chelungpu fault and the rheological structure beneath Taiwan, we calculate the slip rate on the fault and the strain rate in the lower crust by linear inversion. The comparison between the afterslip model and the model combining with strain in the lower crust shows the different slip distribution. The inversion shows that the slip rate on the southern segment of the Chelungpu fault decays from 1 m/yr to 0.1 m/yr during the four years after the mainshock. The steady-state friction property （a–b）is about 9.4e-3, which is in good agreement with several previous studies. However, our estimation on the effective viscosity by the laboratory-measured parameters fails to agree with the general values, which may cause by the different pressure-temperature conditions between the experiment and in-situ environment. If we constrain the calculation by the Coulomb stress change from the coseismic slip model of Chi-Chi earthquake, the effective viscosity varies from about 1e18 Pa•s to 1e19 Pa•s during the 14 years after the mainshock, which falls within a reasonable range.
關鍵字(中)	★ 全球導航衛星系統 ★ 震後變形 ★ 線性反演 ★ 流變學	關鍵字(英)	★ GNSS ★ Postseismic deformation ★ Linear Inversion ★ Rheology
論文目次	中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 區域地質背景 2 1.3 前人相關研究 4 1.4 研究內容 6 1.4.1 GPS時間序列分析 6 1.4.2 集集地震震後變形探討 7 第二章 GPS資料處理與分析 14 2.1 GPS衛星大地測量簡介 14 2.2 GPS系統架構 16 2.3 GPS衛星定位原理 17 2.3.1 虛擬距離（pseudorange）觀測 17 2.3.2 載波相位（carrier phase）觀測 17 2.3.3 差分定位法 18 2.4 GPS資料處理 19 2.5 GPS時間序列分析 21 2.5.1 震前速度場去趨勢 21 2.5.2 時間序列擬合 21 2.5.3 集集地震震後GPS地表位移 23 第三章 集集地震震後變形探討 41 3.1 震後變形機制 41 3.1.1 震後滑移（afterslip） 41 3.1.2 黏彈性變形（viscoelastic relaxation） 44 3.2 震後變形反演方法 48 3.3 集集地震震後變形反演結果 50 3.3.1 使用累積震後地表位移反演 50 3.3.2 使用震後地表速度反演 52 第四章 討論 71 4.1 斷層摩擦參數之估算 71 4.2 有效黏滯係數之估算 72 第五章 結論 79 參考文獻 82 附錄A 90 附錄B 93
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指導教授	許雅儒、張午龍(Ya-Ju Hsu Wu-Lung Chang)	審核日期	2016-1-25
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