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姓名	劉耀澧(Yao-Li LIu)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	物理學系
論文名稱	空間電荷極限電流密度之理論模擬研究 (The Theoretical and Simulation Study of Space-Charge Limited Current Density)
相關論文	★ 一維羅倫茲電漿粒子模擬的動力學特性 ★ 透過高頻電磁波加速電子來間接加速質子的數值模擬研究 ★ 雷射波形對相位穩定質子加速器運作的影響 ★ 雷射與薄膜作用產生高能質子束之模擬與理論研究 ★ 外部反射線路對於磁旋返波振盪器影響之模擬研究 ★ 利用強場電磁波產生高能質子束的數值模擬研究 ★ 考慮受激拉曼散射下多模光纖脈衝雷射放大器之最大可擷取能量的數值模擬研究 ★ 碰撞式粒子網格模擬法之離散粒子效應對電漿波衰減的影響 ★ 雙脈衝雷射產生錫電漿極紫外光光源之數值研究 ★ 考慮受激非彈性散射下脈衝光纖雷射放大器之最大可擷取 能量的數值模擬研究 ★ 雷射驅動電漿光譜和撞性電漿的動態行為之數值研究–應用於雷射生成錫電漿極紫外光光源 ★ 雷射激發錫電漿產生極紫外光之頻譜分析 ★ 齊次平衡解析方法在求解非線性偏微分方程式的適用性分析 ★ 雷射電漿電子加速器之模擬研究 ★ K頻段高均勻度微波材料處理系統之模擬研究與實用驗證 ★ 雷射電漿質子加速機制之比較研究
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摘要(中)	帶電粒子束在科學、醫學、工業以及軍事上面有很多的用途。因此 對於帶電粒子束各種特性的掌握度越高，在應用上的設計與現象的解釋 就越有幫助。而空間電荷效應限制帶電粒子束的總電荷數，且直接影響 電子束的品質，因此這方面研究也成為真空電子學的重要之研究議題。 帶電粒子束所注入、加速與形成的區域主要分為加速區或飄移區。 通常是在加速區陰極產生帶電粒子，經過加速腔體把帶電粒子加速到一 定的能量，再導入飄移區。然而，空間電荷極限電流會限制帶電粒子束 通過腔體的最大電流。空間電荷極限電流就是來自於帶電粒子束在腔體 中的空間電荷效應對於系統的限制。這幾年來由於科技的進步，帶電粒 子束的能量越來越高，束寬越來越窄。傳統用來估計空間電荷極限電流 的公式已不敷使用，因此必須對於理論加以修正。 經過這幾十年來的發展，空間電荷極限電流的理論已經可以考慮相 對論性效應、有限束寬粒子束與短脈衝等幾何效應。但仍然有許多議題 尚未被探討。首先，目前的理論都只考慮靜電模型，電磁效應基本上是 忽略不考慮的。因此我們先利用了電磁的二維粒子式電漿模擬來研究電 磁效應對於加速區空間電荷極限電流的影響。我們發現在短脈衝且有限 束寬的情況下，電磁效應是不能忽略的。我們的研究結果也指出靜電模 型的適用範圍為長脈衝的粒子束，或是短脈衝但大束寬的粒子束。 目前大部分的研究都是探討加速區的空間電荷極限電流，但對於飄 移區，就相對較少人研究。因此我們針對飄移區，發展了二維長脈衝相 對論性的空間電荷極限電流理論， 並研究了超過極限電流時帶電粒子束 的動力學行為。我們透過二維靜電粒子式電漿模擬來驗證我們的理論， i 也探討如何在模擬中決定極限電流。 而後我們發展了一套二維長脈衝的統一理論把加速區與飄移區連結 起來， 並研究其空間電荷極限電流以及大於極限時的動力學行為。理 論也說明了何時我們可以把系統視為加速區，何時能視為飄移區。研究 結果指出二維的空間電荷極限電流主要由幾何效應所主導， 而當注入電 流超過極限時，則是由粒子入射的初始速度來主導系統的動力學行為。 除了長脈衝粒子束外，我們也利用了一維的電荷薄片模型研究了電 子束團在加速區以及飄移區的最大電荷密度。電子束團可應用在時間解 析的電子顯微鏡、自由電子雷射、Smith-Purcell 輻射...等機制， 也因此空間電荷效應在電子束團的應用上扮演著很重要角色。我們發展了一套方法能夠很快地決定在腔體中最適當的電荷密度，以避免電子束團抵達陽極的時序不會因空間電荷效應被破壞。此方法也可以用在相對論性的範疇，因此可適用性非常廣。 本論文針對空間電荷極限電流的理解在深度與廣度上的提升。此 外，理論模型以及模擬方法也有助於相關應用的發展與研究。
摘要(英)	Charged particle beams have intensive applications on science, medicine, industry and military. Hence, much more information and understandings from charged particle beams, much more advantages on the practical designs and explanations of phenomena. Space charge effect limits the total number of charges and affects the beam quality of the charged particle beam directly, so that the study of this research topic becomes an important research issue in vacuum electronics. Basically, the injection, acceleration and the formation of a charged particle beams are operated in accelerating regions or drift regions. The charge particle sources are usually generated from cathode and accelerated up to the designed energy in the accelerating region, and then injected into the drift region for the practical use. However, Space Charge Limited (SCL) Current would limit the maximum current across the accelerating region or drift region. The SCL current results from the limit due to the space charge effect of the charge particle beam in the system. Thanks to the improvements of science and technology, the charge particle beams have much higher energy and thinner beam width. The traditional formula to estimate the SCL current is no longer available, and thus needs to be modied. In the past few decades, the theory of the SCL current has been revised extensively to consider various effects such as nite emission area, short pulse length, relativistic effects, and etc. However, there are still many issues need to be discussed. First of all, the current theories only consider the electrostatic (ES) model and ignore the electromagnetic (EM) effects. Thus we rst used the two-dimensional (2D) EM particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation to study the EM effects on the SCL current in an accelerating region. We found that EM effects cannot be ignored when a short-pulse and nite-width charge particle beam is considered. Our research results also indicated that ES model is only available for long-pulse cases or short-pulse beams but with larger width. The most of the research regarding the SCL current focus on the accelerating region, but the drift region draws less attentions. For this reason, we developed a 2D ES relativistic SCL current theory for drift region, and also studied the dynamical behavior when the injected current exceeds the threshold. It is veried by 2D ES PIC simulation, and the determination of SCL current in the simulation was also discussed. We further developed a 2D long-pulse unied theory to combine the accelerating region and drift region. The SCL current and the dynamical behavior when the injected current exceeds the threshold were derived, and the transition from the accelerating region to the drift region also studied. The theoretical analysis shows that the 2D SCL current is mainly determined by the geometrical effects, but the dynamical behaviors of the current flow are mainly determined by the initial velocity at higher current density exceeding the SCL current density. Besides the long pulse charge particle beam, a charge sheet model was also proposed for the study of the maximum charge density of an electron pulse train injected to in an accelerating region or a drift region with uniform temporal pulse separation. An electron pulse train can be applied to the time resolved electron microscopy, Smith-Purcell radiation and free electron lasers, thus the space charge effect of an electron pulse train plays an important role for the applications. We developed a efficient way to determine the maximum charge density without the temporal distortion when the pulse train arriving at the anode. The method can also be applied in relativistic regime and has wide range applications. This dissertation deepens and widens the understanding of SCL current. Moreover, these theoretical models and simulation methods are useful for the researches and developments of the future corresponding applications.
關鍵字(中)	★ 電漿 ★ 電子束 ★ 空間電荷 ★ 極限電流 ★ 粒子式模擬	關鍵字(英)	★ plasma ★ electron beam ★ space charge ★ limited current ★ particle-in-cell simulation
論文目次	1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.1 Classical Child-Langmuir law . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.2 Relativistic Child-Langmuir law . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.3 Short-pulse Child-Langmuir law . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2.4 Multi-dimensional Child-Langmuir law . . . . . . . 8 1.2.5 Child-Langmuir law with initial velocity injection . 10 1.2.6 Space charge limited current in a drift space . . . . 11 1.3 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2 Two-dimensional Electromagnetic Child-Langmuir Law of a Short-pulse Electron Flow 15 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2 Theory and Simulation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.3 Numerical Results and 2D EM CL Law . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.4 Equivalent Circuit Models for ES and EM CL Laws . . . . 31 2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3 Two-dimensional Relativistic Space Charge Limited Cur- rent Flow in Drift Space 35 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.1.1 1D Classical SCL Current in a Drift Space . . . . . 37 3.1.2 1D Relativistic SCL Current in a Drift Space . . . 38 3.1.3 Bridges′s 2D Classical SCL Current in a Drift Space 40 3.2 2D SCL Current in a Drift Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.2.1 Theoretical Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.2.2 Simulation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.3 2D Current Flow Beyond SCL Current in a Drift Space . . 52 3.3.1 1D Static Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3.3.2 2D Static Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3.3.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4 Unied Theory for the Space Charge Limited Current Density in a Vacuum Gap 66 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.2 1D SCL Current Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.3 2D SCL Current Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 4.4 Current Flow Beyond SCL Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.5 Summary and Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 5 Maximal Charge Injection of Consecutive Electron Pulses with Uniform Temporal Pulse Separation 83 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2 The charge sheet model in a diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.2.1 Single charge sheet in a diode . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.2.2 Two charge sheets in a diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.2.3 Three charge sheets in a diode . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 5.2.4 N charge sheets in a diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.3 Equation of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.4 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6 Maximal Charge Injection of an Electron Pulses Train in a Drift Space 107 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.2 The charge sheet model in a drift space . . . . . . . . . . . 110 6.2.1 Single charge sheet in a drift space . . . . . . . . . 110 6.2.2 Two charge sheets in a drift space . . . . . . . . . . 113 6.2.3 Four charge sheets in a drift space . . . . . . . . . . 115 6.2.4 Three charge sheets in a drift space . . . . . . . . . 119 6.2.5 Five charge sheets in a drift space . . . . . . . . . . 122 6.2.6 N charge sheets in a drift space . . . . . . . . . . . 125 6.3 Equation of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 6.4 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 7 Conclusions and Future Works 140 7.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 7.2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7.2.1 Space-Charge Limited Current Density in Free Elec- tron Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7.2.2 2D Transition from eld emission to SCL current . 145 7.2.3 J-V-T characteristics of graphene-cathode-based vac- uum diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 7.3 Epilogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
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指導教授	陳仕宏(Shih-Hung Chen)	審核日期	2016-4-25
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