| 摘要(英) |
The main theme of this thesis is to present a simple setup to demonstrate the principle of imaging with phase-contrast technique. Since the principle of this technique is mature and can be found in literatures [ 1-6 ], we focus in this work on the design of the experimental setup. However, an outline of the principle is included here for completeness and showing how a transparent object becomes obseualle. The including of the principle also helps understand how the experimental setup achieve this goal and how the steps in the theory are realized in it.
In the demonstration of this technique, we need a phase object of small phase variation and a small transparent spot with specific phase delay. Since these elements were not available in the stock of the major manufacturers, they were prepared by the laboratories of our Institute. We prepared two kinds of phase-delayed spots in this investigation. The first kind was made according to the current theory of diffractive optics, while the second kind was made according to the viewpoint of Collier at al (Ref 12). And, for both kinds of the phase-delayed plates, two plates were made. The amount of phase delay of the first kind is and that of the second one is . It is know that the fist kind of phase-delayed spot produces a bright image against the background, while the latter produces a dark image. Experimental results have shown that the phase objects do become observable in the present experimental conditions. However, since neither the object nor the phase-delayed spot, had met the design specification perfectly, the changing from a bright image to a dark image only took place in some part of the image. Since these objects had not met the specification in the theory accurately, the final experimental results are not very distinct. They nevertheless show the effect qualitatively. |
| 參考文獻 |
1. F.Zernike "Das PhasenKontrastverfahren bei der Mikroskopischen beobachtung," Z.Tech.Phys. 16-454(1935)
2. Nemoto and A. Takahashi, "Methods of improving the images in phase-contrast microscopy: theory and computer simulation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8, 511- (1991)
3. T. E. Gureyev, Y. I. Nesterets, D. M. Paganin, and S. W. Wilkins, "Effects of incident illumination on in-line phase-contrast imaging," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 34-42 (2006)
4. P. R. T. Munro and P. Török, "Effect of detector size on optical resolution in phase contrast microscopes," Opt. Lett. 29, 623-625 (2004)
5. C. Mann, L. Yu, C. -M. Lo, and M. Kim, "High-resolution quantitative phase-contrast microscopy by digital holography," Opt. Express 13, 8693-8698 (2005)
6. A. Groso, R. Abela, and M. Stampanoni, "Implementation of a fast method for high resolution phase contrast tomography ," Opt. Express 14, 8103-8110 (2006)
7. Joseph W.Goodman, " Introduction to Fourier Optics," 2ndEd., McGRAW-HILL. p39.
8. Joseph W.Goodman, " Introduction to Fourier Optics," 2nd Ed., McGRAW-HILL. p105.
9. Joseph W.Goodman, " Introduction to Fourier Optics," 2nd Ed., McGRAW-HILL.p65.
10. E.Abbe, "Beitrage zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der Mikroskopischen wahrnehmung," Archiv. Microskopische Anat., 9:413-463(1873)
11. A.B.Porter, "On the diffraction theory of microscope vision," Phil.Mag.(6), 11:154(1906)
12. R.J.Collier, C.B.Burckhardt and L.H.Lin "Optical Holography," p560(1983) |
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