全球化與所得不均之關聯:跨國實證研究

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：50

、訪客IP：3.145.15.1

姓名

朱柏璋(Po-Chang Chu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

全球化與所得不均之關聯:跨國實證研究
(Globalization and Income Inequality: Cross-Country Evidence)

相關論文

★ 投資者之風險屬性與基金理財績效之實證研究	★ 企業經營績效的影響分析-以台灣醫療器材產業為例
★ 銀行財富管理業務手續費收入影響因素之實證研究	★ 母親的教育程度對兒童醫療利用行為之影響
★ 地區醫院的存亡與轉型	★ 教育對健康的影響—臺灣地區老人之實證研究
★ 醫院購置高科技醫療儀器與市場結構的關聯	★ 台灣地區醫院最適效率規模的估計-倖存者分析方法應用
★ 出口與生產力的關聯 —台灣電子業廠商之實證研究	★ 社會資本與家庭結構對健康及醫療資源利用之影響 —台灣地區老人之實證研究
★ 醫療利用可近性—台灣老人之實證研究	★ 父母健康知識與其子女健康狀況之關聯
★ 臺灣股市之效率檢定及多因素模型之探討—長期追蹤資料之計量分析	★ 醫療資源與國人健康的關聯
★ 青少年菸害的健康風險認知與吸菸行為的關聯─台灣地區的實證研究	★ 醫療資源可近性對個人醫療利用的影響 ――台灣地區的實證研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

過去已有許多經濟學家致力於研究全球化如何影響所得不均度，然這些文獻有以下兩點問題，第一，多數的文獻都是使用吉尼係數來衡量所得不均度，由於家戶調查並非準確的所得統計資料且不容易取得高所得者的所得資訊，使得吉尼係數較難精確地描繪一國所得分配的變化。第二，文獻也較少考量到模型中可能存在的內生性問題。

在本文中，上述問題都將被考量在內，本文利用30個國家在1985年至2010年間的非平衡長期縱橫資料(unbalance panel data)，以高所得者所得份額(Top x % Income Share)取代吉尼係數來衡量所得不均度，並利用兩階段最小平方法來解決模型存在的內生性問題。

本文的實證結果顯示，進出口占GDP之比重、出口占GDP之比重、對內外人直接投資占GDP之比重對所得不均度有負向顯著的效果。若將國家分成開發中和已開發國家，已開發國家實證結果仍然顯示全球化會對所得不均會產生負向的影響，但在開發中國家的估計結果則不顯著。最後，以高所得群體內部的所得不均度來看也有相同的結論，結果顯示，全球化也會使高所得群體內部的所得不均度下降。

摘要(英)

For a long time economists have been working on the effects of globalization on income inequality. There are two shortcomings in past literature. First, most of these literature use Gini coefficient to measure income inequality. Due to the household surveys is not accurate income statistics and lack the income information of high-income, Gini coefficient can’t accurately measure income inequality in the country. Second, literature don’t control the endogeneity in the models.

In this paper, these shortcomings are addressed. We use unbalance panel data of 30 countries from 1985 to 2010. We employ Top x % income share to measure income inequality rather than Gini coefficient. Additionally, we use two stage least squares approach to control the endogeneity in the model.

Our empirical results show that the import plus export to GDP ratio, the export to GDP ratio and the inward foreign direct investment to GDP ratio have a negative significant effect on income inequality. If we divide countries into developing and developed countries, the empirical results of developed countries still show that the globalization have a negative effect on income inequality. However, we find no robust effect of globalization on income inequality in developing country. Furthermore, a similar results holds for top income inequality: globalization would lead to lower level of top income inequality.

關鍵字(中)

★ 工具變數
★ 全球化
★ 所得不均度
★ 高所得者所得份額

關鍵字(英)

★ instrumental variable
★ globalization
★ income inequality
★ top income share

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章緒論 1
第一節研究背景 1
第二節研究目的 5
第二章文獻回顧 7
第一節、全球化與所得不均度之關聯-理論模型 7
第二節、全球化與所得不均度之關聯-實證文獻 9
第三節、其他影響所得不均度的因素 17
第四節、小結 19
第三章資料來源與變數說明 21
第一節、資料來源與變數定義 21
第二節、樣本特性 36
第四章實證模型 48
第一節、實證模型介紹 48
第二節、兩階段最小平方法 50
第五章實證結果 52
第一節、固定效果估計結果 52
第一節、整體所得不均度的實證結果 56
第二節、不同國家群的實證結果 72
第三節、份額中的份額實證結果 76
第五節、小結79
第六章結論與研究限制 80
第一節結論 80
第二節研究限制 82
參考文獻 83

參考文獻

中文文獻
1.蘇奕璿 (2008)，「全球化與貧富不均的關係-縱橫門檻回歸模型之實證研究」，國立清華大學經濟所碩士論文

2.行政院主計處 (2014)，「總體統計資料庫」，
http://statdb.dgbas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9L.asp

英文文獻
1.Alderson, A. S. and F. Nielsen. (2002). "Globalization and The Great U-Turn Income Inequality Trends in 16 OECD Countries." American Journal of Sociology, 107(5) : 1244-1299.

2.Alvaredo, Facundo, Anthony B. Atkinson, Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez,. (2015). "The World Top Income Database",
http://topincomes.g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/

3.Asteriou, D.,Sophia Dimelis, and Argiro Moudatsou. (2014). "Globalization and Income Inequality: A Panel Data Econometric Approach for The EU27 Countries." Economic Modelling, 36: 592-599.

4.Atkinson, A. B., Thomas Piketty, and Emmanuel Saez. (2011). "Top Incomes in the Long Run of History." Journal of Economic Literature, 49(1): 3-71.

5.Baier, S. L. and J. H. Bergstrand. (2007). "Do Free Trade Agreements Actually Increase Members′ International Trade?" Journal of International Economics, 71(1): 72-95.

6.Bandelj, N. and M. C. Mahutga. (2008). "Foreign Investment and Income Inequality: The Natural Experiment of Central and Eastern Europe." International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 49(6): 429-454.

7.Breau, S. and David L. Rigby.﹙2010﹚. "International Trade and Wage Inequality in Canada" Journal of Economic Geography, 10(1): 55-86

8.Borraz, F. and J. E. Lopez-Cordova. (2007). "Has Globalization Deepened Income Inequlity in Mexico." Global Economy Journal, 7(1) .

9.Burkhauser, Richard V.,Jan-Emmanuel De Neve and Nattavudh Powdthavee. (2015). "Top incomes and Human Well-being Around the World." Said Business School Research paper 2015-25

10.Chiquiar, D. (2008). "Globalization, Regional Wage Differentials and The Stolper–Samuelson Theorem: Evidence from Mexico." Journal of International Economics, 74(1): 70-93.

11.Dreher, A. and N. Gaston. (2008). "Has Globalization Increased Inequality?" Review of International Economics, 16(3): 516-536.

12.Egger, H. and U. Kreickemeier. (2012). "Fairness, Trade, and Inequality." Journal of International Economics, 86(2): 184-196.

13.Feenstra, R. C. and G. H. Hanson. (1996). "Foreign Investment, Outsourcing and Relative Wages." Political Economy of Trade Policy: Essays in Honor of Jagdish Bhagwati, Cambridge, MIT Press, 89-128.

14.Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table", Forthcoming American Economic Review, www.ggdc.net/pwt

15.Heshmati, A. (2003). "Measurement of a multidimentional index of globalization and its impact on income inequality." WIDER Discussion Paper, No. 2003/69.

16.Hirte, G. and C. Lessmann. (2014). "Trade, Integration, and Interregional Inequality." Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2014:
Evidenzbasierte Wirtschaftspolitik - Session: International Trade and Development, No. D18-V3

17.Jaumotte, F., S. Lall, and C. Papageorgiou. (2013). "Rising Income Inequality : Technology, or Trade and Financial Globalization?" IMF Economic Review, 61(2): 271-309.

18.Jensen, N. M. and G. Rosas. (2007). "Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality in Mexico, 1990–2000." International Organization, 61(03): 467-487.

19.Krugman, P. and A. J. Venables. (1995). "Globalization and The Inequality of Nations." The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(4): 857-880.

20.Kumar, U. and P. Mishra. (2008). "Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality: Evidence from India." Review of Development Economics, 12(2): 291-311.

21.Lee,Cheol-Sung. (2005). "Income Inequality, Democracy, and Public Sector Size." American Sociological Review, 70(1): 158-181.

22.Li, Q. and R. Reuveny. (2003). "Economic Openness, Democracy, and Income Inequality: An Empirical Analysis." Comparative Political Studies, 36(5): 575-601.

23.Lim, G. C. and P. D. McNelis. (2015). "Income Growth and Inequality: The Threshold Effects of Trade and Financial Openness." IMF Conference paper
https://editorialexpress.com/cgi-bin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=CEF2015&paper_id=407

24.Milanovic, B. (2002). "Can We Discern the Effect of Globalization on Income Distribution Evidence from Household Budget Surveys." The World Bank Economic Review, 19(1): 21-44.

25.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2014). "OECD stat (database)", http://stats.oecd.org/

26.Piketty, Tomas. (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press。

27.Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2012). "Trade and Regional Inequality." Economic Geography, 88(2): 109-136.

28.Stock, J. H. and M. Yogo. (2005). "Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression." In Identification and Inference for Econometric Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas Rothenberg, ed, W. K. Andrews, and James H. Stock., 80-108.

29.Stolper, W. F.and Samuelson, Paul A. (1941) "Protection and Real Wages." The Review of Economic Studies(Oxford Journals), 9(1): 58-73

30.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2014). "UNCTAD statistics", http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx?IF_ActivePath=P,5&sCS_ChosenLang=en

31.Wei, Shang-Jin. and Yi. Wu. (2001). "Globalization and Inequality Evidence from Within China." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No.8611.

32.Wood, A. (2002). "Globalization and Wage Inequalities: a Synthesis of Three Theories." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 138(1): 54-82.

33.Wooldridge, J. M. (2013) Introduction Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Canada: Cengage Learning.

34.World Bank. (2014). "World Development Indicators",
http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators/wdi-2014

35.World Trade Organization. (2014). "Regional Trade Agreements Database",
http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicMaintainRTAHome.aspx

36.Zhang, X. and K. H. Zhang. (2003). "How Does Globalization Affect Regional Inequality Within a Developing Country? Evidence from China." Journal of Development Studies, 39(4): 47-67.

指導教授

簡錦漢、蔡偉德(Kam-Hon Kan Wei-Der Tsai)

審核日期

2016-7-20

推文