| 姓名 |
廖明傑(Ming-Chieh Liao)
查詢紙本館藏 |
畢業系所 |
土木工程學系 |
| 論文名稱 |
岩石節理面之隨機模擬與其離散元素模型之力學性質分析
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| 相關論文 | |
| 檔案 |
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| 摘要(中) |
由於岩體中常伴隨節理面構造，因此使得岩體整體剪力強度不止受到岩體本身材料強度之影響，同時也受到節理面存在而可能有變化。岩石節理面之存在對於岩體剪力強度之影響，已有Barton提出之公式可推估岩體受節理面影響下之剪力強度，其中節理面粗糙度為重要之影響因素，且通常用節理面粗糙度係數(簡稱JRC)來表示岩體節理面剖面之粗糙程度。
Barton(1977)提出之視覺對照法為最早評估岩石節理剖面JRC的方法，但由於此方式較為主觀，因此近年來許多學者提出了數值量化的客觀方式來評估JRC，如利用剖面線段長度的方均根值Z2、碎形維度D，或利用線段角度的傾角擬合參數C等，希望能夠更客觀的評估JRC值。由於不同理論或假設在評估JRC上會造成某些程度之高估或是低估，因此，本研究蒐集並數位化86條岩石節理剖面(已知JRC)，並對其進行統計分析，發現其剖面節理面的高程差呈現常態分佈，且其高程差之標準差與JRC值具有高度相關性。因此，藉由上述岩石節理面剖面之統計參數，本研究隨機生成了一千組新的岩石節理剖面，並使用前人所提出的各項JRC評估法進行JRC的計算並比較，以對於各JRC評估法所得值之分佈趨勢提出建議。
除此之外，本研究使用離散元素軟體PFC2D建立岩石單壓強度試驗之模型與岩石節理面之基本摩擦角直剪模型進行模擬，取得此模型之岩石力學參數後，分別對其中一組隨機生成之岩石節理剖面與Barton提出之標準剖面建立直接剪力試驗的數值模型，藉由此數值模型所得的結果與Barton(1977)提出之剪力強度經驗公式進行比較，結果發現，隨機生成之節理面的剪力力學行為與Barton之標準剖面及利用經驗公式計算出來的結果相符。 |
| 摘要(英) |
Because the rock mass is often accompanied by the joint, the overall shear strength of the rock mass is affected not only by the strength of the material itself, but also by the existence of the joint. The influence of the existence of rock joints on the shear strength of rock mass has been proposed by Barton to estimate the shear strength of rock mass under the influence of joint. Where the joint surface roughness is an important influencing factor, and the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is usually used to represent the roughness of the section.
Barton (1977) proposed the visual comparison method for the earliest assessment of the JRC method, but because of this approach is more subjective, in recent years, many scholars have proposed numerical quantitative objective way to assess JRC. Due to different theories or assumptions in the assessment of JRC will cause some overestimation or underestimation, in this study, 86 rock joint sections (known as JRC) were collected and digitized and analyzed statistically. It is found that the elevation difference of the joint surface is normal distribution, and the standard deviation of the elevation difference is highly correlated with the JRC value. In this study, a new set of new rock joint sections was generated by the above parameters and use different JRC evaluation method for JRC calculation and comparison, and finally the JRC assessment of the distribution of the value of the trend of the proposed recommendations.
In addition, we use the PFC2D to simulate the unconfined compression test of rock and the basic friction angle of rock joint direct shear test After obtaining the rock mechanics parameters of this model, the numerical model of the direct shear test was established for one of the randomly generated rock joint and the standard profile proposed by Barton. The results obtained by this numerical model are compared with the empirical formula of shear strength proposed by Barton (1977). The results show that the shear mechanics behavior of the randomly generated joints is in accordance with the Barton standard profile and the empirical formula. |
| 關鍵字(中) |
★ 岩石節理面
★ JRC
★ 隨機模擬
★ PFC2D |
關鍵字(英) |
★ Rock Joints
★ JRC
★ Randomly Generated
★ PFC2D |
| 論文目次 |
摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究流程簡述 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1岩石節理面之力學性質 4
2.1.1岩石剪力強度推估方式 4
2.1.2尺寸效應 7
2.2節理粗糙度係數推估方式 10
2.2.1視覺對照法 10
2.2.2方均根法 11
2.2.3改良方均根法 12
2.2.4傾角擬合推估法 13
2.2.5碎形維度法 14
2.3岩石節理粗糙剖面之資料 15
2.3.1岩石節理剖面之量測 15
2.3.2測量誤差的修正 18
2.3.3攝影測量誤差實驗 19
2.3.4量測誤差之結果與計算 20
2.3PFC理論介紹 23
2.3.1PFC2D程式簡介 23
2.3.2PFC2D基本假設 23
2.3.3運算原理 24
2.3.4接觸組成模式 28
2.3.5PF2D的限制 31
2.4數值模擬岩石節理面之研究 31
2.4.1PFC3D模擬岩石節理剖面 31
2.4.2PFC之平滑節理模式 36
2.4.3邱家吉(2016)對平滑節理模式的探討 38
第三章 研究方法 40
3.1岩石節理粗糙剖面資料蒐集與整理 40
3.2原始岩石節理粗糙剖面之統計性質 45
3.3常態分佈之適配度檢定 48
3.3.1適配度檢定 48
3.3.2常態分佈檢定結果 49
3.4隨機產生節理面剖面 51
3.5離散元素軟體PFC2D之節理面力學試驗模擬 52
3.5.1單壓試驗 52
3.5.2岩石節理面直接剪力試驗 54
第四章 研究成果 62
4.1隨機產生節理面之驗證 62
4.2力學試驗模擬結果 65
4.2.1PFC2D模擬岩石單壓試驗結果 65
4.2.2PFC2D模擬直接剪力試驗之結果 66
4.2.3PFC2D直剪模型鍵結斷裂分析 80
4.3離散元素法與Barton岩石剪力強度經驗公式比較 86
4.3.1隨機生成之岩石節理面直剪結果與Barton經驗公式比較 87
4.3.2Barton標準剖面直剪結果與Barton經驗公式比較 89
第五章 結果與建議 92
5.1岩石節理面的統計分析與隨機生成 92
5.2藉由數值分析模擬岩石節理面的力學行為 93
5.3建議 94
參考文獻 96
附錄 98
附一 問與答 98
附二 常態分佈檢定 101
附三 鍵結參數更換後之力學模擬結果 103
附四 節理面粗糙度係數的分段計算 105 |
| 參考文獻 |
1.邱家吉，「節理岩體微觀力學模式之研究」，國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文，台北(2015)
2.魏培杰，「不同粗糙度係數下岩石節理面剖面之空間變異性探討」，國立中央大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文，中壢(2015)
3.Bandis, S., et al. ”Experimental studies of scale effects on the shear behaviour of rock joints.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 18(1): 1-21(1981).
4.Barton, N. ”Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints.” Engineering Geology 7(4): 287-332(1973).
5.Barton, N. and S. Bandis Effects Of Block Size On The Shear Behavior Of Jointed Rock, American Rock Mechanics Association(1982).
6.Barton, N. and V. Choubey ”The shear strength of rock joints in theoryand practice.” Rock mechanics 10(1-2): 1-54(1977).
7.Dong, H.K. et al. “Improvement of photogrammetric JRC data distributions based on parabolic error models.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 80:19-30(2015).
8.Grasselli, G. and P. Egger ”Constitutive law for the shear strength of rock joints based on three-dimensional surface parameters.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 40(1): 25-40(2003).
9.Itasca Consulting Group Inc. PFC2D (Particle Flow Code in 2 Dimensions). Version 4.0 Minneapolis, MN: ICG(2008).
10.JANG, B.A. et al. “A new method for determination of joint roughness coefficient.” Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment, September 6-10, Nottingham, United Kingdom,No. 95(2006).
11.Lee, Y. H., et al. ”The fractal dimension as a measure of the roughness of rock discontinuity profiles.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics, 27(6): 453-464(1990).
12.Lambert, C., et al. “A DEM approach to rock joint strength estimates.” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol. 147, pp.56-67(2016).
13.Tatone, B. S. A. and G. Grasselli. ”A new 2D discontinuity roughness parameter and its correlation with JRC.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 47(8): 1391-1400(2010).
14.Tse, R. and D. M. Cruden. ”Estimating joint roughness coefficients.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics, 16(5): 303-307 (1979).
15.Zhang, G., et al. ”A new method estimating the 2D Joint Roughness Coefficient for discontinuity surfaces in rock masses.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 72(0): 191-198(2014). |
| 指導教授 |
黃文昭(Wen-Chao Huang)
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審核日期 |
2017-8-9 |
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