利用人工固態電解質介面提升鋰離子電池之電性表現及安全性

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羅婉慈(Wan-Tzu Lo) 查詢紙本館藏

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化學學系

論文名稱

利用人工固態電解質介面提升鋰離子電池之電性表現及安全性
(Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface Enhances Lithium Battery Life Cycle and Safety)

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摘要(中)

為滿足高耗能3C隨身器材及電動汽機車(HEV、EV)的快速發展，鋰離子電池的能量密度和電容量也不斷的提升。因此解決鋰離子電池的循環壽命的不足、高溫下的性能及安全性問題益發急迫。鋰離子電池電解液，會因為在循環過程中，與活性材料發生反應，電解液中的鋰鹽會在高溫環境下受熱而分解，造成鋰離子電池電容損失，若此情形未得到控制，則會持續產生氣體(CO2, H2, CO 等)，使內部壓力升高，更嚴重的是產生放熱反應使內部溫度上升，造成燃燒或爆炸等安全問題。故本研究旨在研發一新型電解質添加劑，以1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸(1,3-DBTA)與N,N′-(1,3-亞苯基)二馬來醯亞胺(HVA)和N-苯基馬來醯亞胺(PMI)進行共聚反應而得。此添加劑是具有網狀結構、抗氧化及抗熱等多項功能的新型添加劑(HPKS)，可以抑制或延緩電解質的分解情形，以及可在電極上形成穩定的SEI層，來改善鋰離子電池的電性表現及安全性。我們將此電解液添加劑對Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2/Li半電池(正極)和Li/MCMB半電池(負極)進行充放電測試，並利用液態核磁共振分析儀(NMR)分析添加劑在高溫下對電解液的影響以及使用電子掃描顯微鏡(SEM)和X-射線光電子光譜(XPS)分析電極表面的型態及組成和電化學主抗頻譜(EIS)觀察其內電組的變化。
另外，也比較了兩款結構不同的添加劑HPKS以及BPMI的效應。HPKS可以生成結構較緻密的人工SEI層，BPMI則生成較蓬鬆的人工SEI層。實驗結果顯示，在室溫環境下，經過80圈充放電後，使用VC為添加劑(UBK)、HPKS添加劑以及BPMI添加劑的電容保持率分別為88.2%、94.5%和96.5%。在高溫(60oC)環境下，經過30圈充放電後，它們的電容保持率分別為93.0%、97.4%和95.1%。

摘要(英)

This study disclosed a novel approach to improve lithium battery life cycle which also eliminated thermal run-away. The formation of artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) coating (achieved by several effective approaches) was shown to improve lithium battery cyclic performance at elevated temperature, high rate charge/discharge performance, and mostly avoided thermal run-away. These artificial solid electrolyte modifications with different degree of pore densities are found to exhibit different effects on lithium-ion cell performances using EC: DMC: EMC+VC+ LiPF6-based electrolyte. The study shows the pre-formed solid electrolyte interface on both anode (MCMB) and cathode (NMC=1:1:1), changed the SEI compositions with improved electrochemical stability, that consumes less carbonates and hindered salt decomposition, generates much less HF. The interface composition and structure after pre-formation and after cycling in coin cell is investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) test using both Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2/Li half-cell and Li/graphite half-cell. The chemical stability under elevated temperature is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
We found that this additive formed more stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on electrodes during charge and discharge operation, and has prevented electrolyte and lithium salts from decomposition under high temperature operation conditions. Two types of Artificial SEI modifications bearing denser and harder SEI modifications (HPKS) and softer and more elastic SEI modifications (BPMI) are compared. After 80th cycling at room temperature, the capacity retention is found to be 88.2% with VC (vinylene carbonate), 94.5% with HPKS Artificial SEI, and about 96.5% with BPMI Artificial SEI. After 30th cycling at 60oC, the capacity retention is found to be 93.0% with VC Artificial SEI, 97.4% with HPKS Artificial SEI, and about 95.1% with BPMI Artificial SEI.

關鍵字(中)

★ 固態電解質介面

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract III
謝誌 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XII
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 3
第二章文獻回顧 6
2-1 鋰離子電池之液態電解液 6
2-1-1 電解液組成 7
2-1-2 電解液之化學及熱穩定性 10
2-2 固態電解質介面(SEI) 13
2-2-1 負極表面的SEI 14
2-2-2 正極表面的鈍化層 17
2-3 鋰離子電池之安全議題 20
2-3-1 造成安全性議題的原因 20
2-3-2 熱爆衝之反應機制 26
2-3-3 安全性之改善方法 29
2-4 人工固態電解質介面(Artificial SEI) 32
2-5 電解液添加劑 35
2-5-1 改善電極SEI膜性能的添加劑 35
2-5-2 穩定鋰鹽(LiPF6)的添加劑 40
2-5-3 改善鋰離子沉積的添加劑 42
第三章實驗 43
3-1 實驗藥品、器材與儀器設備 43
3-1-1 實驗藥品 43
3-1-2 實驗器材 45
3-1-3 實驗儀器設備 46
3-2 實驗方法 46
3-2-1 電解液添加劑之製備 47
3-2-2 電解液之配置 49
3-2-3 正/負極極片製作 49
3-2-4 以添加劑包覆正極材料之方法 50
3-2-5 鈕扣型電池之組裝 50
第四章結果與討論 52
4-1 添加劑之合成與物性探討 52
4-1-1 添加劑之合成鑑定 52
4-1-2 添加劑在電解液中的溶解度及導電度 57
4-1-3 最佳添加量之測試 58
4-2 添加劑對正極的影響 60
4-2-1 室溫下之電性測試 60
4-2-2 變速率充放電測試 61
4-2-3 循環伏安法測試 63
4-2-4 掃描式電子顯微鏡之電極表面型態分析 65
4-2-5 X-光光電子能譜儀之鈍化層探討 67
4-2-6 內阻抗測試 69
4-3 添加劑對負極的影響 71
4-3-1 室溫下之電性測試 71
4-3-2 變速率充放電測試 72
4-3-3 循環伏安法測試 74
4-3-4 掃描式電子顯微鏡之電極表面型態分析 76
4-3-5 X-光光電子能譜儀之鈍化層探討 78
4-3-6 內阻抗測試 79
4-4 添加劑對高溫(60oC)時的影響 81
4-4-1 NMC/Li高溫電性測試 81
4-4-2 Li/MCMB高溫電性測試 82
4-4-3 高溫下添加劑對電解液的影響 84
4-5 全電池測試 86
4-6 比較HPKS與BPMI對電性的影響 87
4-6-1 室溫下的循環壽命比較 87
4-6-2 高溫下的循環壽命比較 89
4-7 以包覆方式形成人工SEI層 91
第五章結論與未來展望 95
參考文獻 97

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指導教授

諸柏仁(Po-Jen Chu)

審核日期

2017-8-17

推文