| 姓名 |
梁庭語(Ting-Yu Liang)
查詢紙本館藏 |
畢業系所 |
水文與海洋科學研究所 |
| 論文名稱 |
臺灣地區劇烈降雨及其與西北太平洋颱風極移和東海沉積紀錄的關係
(Extreme rainfalls over Taiwan and their connection with poleward shift of typhoons in western North Pacific and sediment records in East China Sea)
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| 摘要(中) |
近幾十年來，西北太平洋地區的颱風路徑和風暴潮顯著北移。本研究使用臺灣地區64年雨量觀測值作為北移的獨立證據。因為臺灣本島對颱風路徑而言獨特的地理位置，颱風產生的降雨趨勢，在西部和北部顯著上升，但東部與東南部上升的較不顯著，肇因於近幾十年颱風往北移動的趨勢。大尺度環境場分析發現，颱風北移是由於導引氣流和西北太平洋副熱帶高壓的減弱，而此減弱的現象是因為熱帶-副熱帶印度-太平洋地區的暖化和季風的減弱，與氣候變遷所造成的熱帶擴張一致。
崳山島(120.3E, 26.9N)，位於東海一個孤立的島嶼，在島上湖泊採集一沉積岩芯，發現數個從1930年代以來粗顆粒比例較高的沉積層。分析現地與衛星的雨量資料、再分析資料和颱風路徑資料，發現粗顆粒較多的沉積層，會產生在由梅雨鋒面系統和/或經過東海的颱風所造成的降雨異常強的年。此研究顯示沉積物紀錄有助於了解過去的氣候。 |
| 摘要(英) |
A significant poleward shift of tropical cyclones (TCs or typhoons) and TC-induced storm surge in the western North Pacific has occurred in recent decades. Here we use 64-year rainfall observations around Taiwan to provide an independent evidence of the shift. We show that, due to the island’s unique location relative to typhoon tracks, TC-induced rainfall trends are significantly rising west and north of the island but are insignificant east and southeast, caused by a preference in recent decades for TCs to veer more poleward. Analyses of large-scale fields indicate that the TCs’ poleward shift is caused by the weakening of the steering flow and western North Pacific subtropical high, which in turn is due to tropic-subtropical Indo-Pacific warming and a weakened monsoon, consistent with the expansion of the tropics due to climate change.
A sediment core collected in the bed of an isolated island lake in the East China Sea (120.3E, 26.9N) shows layers of high concentration of coarse deposition since the 1930’s. We show by analyzing in situ and satellite rainfall data, reanalysis data, and typhoon track data that the coarse-sediment layers were formed in years of anomalously strong precipitations contributed by passages of Mei-Yu fronts and/or typhoons across the East China Sea. Our study shows that sediment records can yield useful insight into the past climate. |
| 關鍵字(中) |
★ 降雨
★ 颱風路徑北轉
★ 沉積物 |
關鍵字(英) |
★ rainfall
★ Typhoon track veering northward
★ sediment |
| 論文目次 |
Content
Chinese Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………. I
English Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………….. II
Acknowledgments ………………………………………………………………………………………. III
Content ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. IV
List of figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………. VI
List of tables ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. VI
Thesis Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Chapter I …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
II. Data and Methods ………………………………………………………………………………. 3
III. Results ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
3.1 Rainfall trends at all 12 stations ……………………………………………………….. 4
3.1.1 AllRain trends ……………………………………………………………………………… 4
3.1.2 TCRain trends ……………………………………………………………………………… 4
3.1.3 nonTCRain trends ……………………………………………………………………….. 4
3.2 Influences of ENSO & PDO on TCRain ………………………………………………. 5
3.3 Different Environmental Effects on TCRain ………………………………………. 6
3.3.1 Effects of increased TC number and intensity on TCRain …………….. 6
3.3.2 Effects of slower-moving TCs on TCRain ……………………………………… 6
3.3.3 Effects of shift in TC tracks on TCRain ………………………………………….. 7
3.3.3.1 Track analysis ………………………………………………………………………… 7
3.3.3.2 TCRain trend analysis ……………………………………………………………. 8
3.4 Further evidence of northward shift in TC tracks – from the APHRODITE data …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
3.5 Connection with the Steering Flow ………………………………………………… 9
IV. Summary and discussion ………………………………………………………………… 10
Chapter II ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
I. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………. 12
II. Data and Methods …………………………………………………………………………. 14
III. Results ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
3.1 Rainfall in PengJiaYu station ……………………………………………………….. 15
3.1.1 Rainfall time series data ………………………………………………………… 15
3.1.2 Percentage……………………………………………………………………………… 15
3.2 High rainfall events at PengJiaYu station ……………………………………… 16
3.2.1 Rainfall time series data ………………………………………………………… 16
3.2.2 Percentage ……………………………………………………………………………. 16
3.3 Typhoon tracks in 4 specific periods …………………………………………… 17
3.4 The weather patterns of strong non-TCRain days ………………………… 17
3.5 The comparison between PengJiaYu station and Yushan Island ….. 18
3.6 “Period 0” 1936-1940 ………………………………………………………………… 18
IV. Summary and Discussion ………………………………………………………………. 19
Thesis Conclusion ….………………………………………………………………………………. 21
References …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 40
Appendix: Liang, A. (T.-Y.), L. Oey, S. Huang, and S. Chou (2017), Long-term trends of typhoon-induced rainfall over Taiwan: In situ evidence of poleward shift of typhoons in western North Pacific in recent decades, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, doi:10.1002/2017JD026446. …………………………………………….. 41
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| 參考文獻 |
References
1 An, Z. S. et al. “Interplay between the Westerlies and Asian monsoon recorded in Lake Qinghai sediments since 32 ka.”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, August 2012.
2 Chen, F. et al. “East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, June 2015.
3 Chen, Y. Y. et al. “Environmental evolution and hydrodynamic process of Dongping Lake in Shandong Province, China, over the last 150 years.”, Environmental Earth Sciences, Vol. 68, pp. 69-75, January 2013.
4 Oeurng, C., Sauvage, S., and Sanchez-Perez, J. “Dynamics of suspended sediment transport and yield in a large agricultural catchment, southwest France”, Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, Vol. 35, pp. 1289-1301, January 2010.
5 Peng, Y. et al. “Holocene East Asian monsoonal precipitation pattern revealed by grain-size distribution of core sediments of Daihai Lake in Inner Mongolia of north-central China”, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 233, pp. 467-479, May 2005.
6 Selvaraj, K. et al. “Late Holocene monsoon climate of northeastern Taiwan inferred from elemental (C, N) and isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) data in lake sediments.”, Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 37, pp. 48-60, March 2012.
7 Selvaraj, K. et al. “Lacustrine sedimentological and geochemical records for the last 170 years of climate and environmental changes in southeastern China”, Boreas, Vol. 45, pp. 165-179, January 2016. |
| 指導教授 |
黃如瑤(Leo Oey)
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審核日期 |
2017-8-21 |
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