陰極表面鍍銀對鋅空氣電池充放電效能之影響

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：42

、訪客IP：18.117.8.63

姓名

江忠祐(Chung-Yu Chiang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

陰極表面鍍銀對鋅空氣電池充放電效能之影響
(Effect of Ag-deposited cathodes on the charging-discharging performance of zinc air batteries)

相關論文

★ 銅導線上鍍鎳或錫對遷移性之影響及鍍金之鎳/銅銲墊與Sn-3.5Ag BGA銲料迴銲之金脆研究	★ 單軸步進運動陽極在瓦茲鍍浴中進行微電析鎳過程之監測與解析
★ 光電化學蝕刻n-型（100）單晶矽獲得矩陣排列之巨孔洞研究	★ 銅箔基板在H2O2/H2SO4溶液中之微蝕行為
★ 助銲劑對迴銲後Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu電化學遷移之影響	★ 塗佈奈米銀p型矽(100)在NH4F/H2O2 水溶液中之電化學蝕刻行為
★ 高效能Ni80Fe15Mo5電磁式微致動器之設計與製作	★ 銅導線上鍍金或鎳/金對遷移性之影響及鍍金層對Sn-0.7Cu與In-48Sn BGA銲料迴銲後之接點強度影響
★ 含氮、硫雜環有機物對鍋爐鹼洗之腐蝕抑制行為研究	★ 銦、錫金屬、合金與其氧化物的陽極拋光行為探討
★ n-型(100)矽單晶巨孔洞之電化學研究	★ 鋁在酸性溶液中孔蝕行為研究
★ 微陽極引導電鍍與監測	★ 鍍金層對Bi-43Sn與Sn-9Zn BGA銲料迴銲後之接點強度影響及二元銲錫在不同溶液之電解質遷移行為
★ 人體血清白蛋白構形改變之電化學及表面電漿共振分析研究	★ 光電化學蝕刻製作n-型(100)矽質微米巨孔陣列及連續壁結構

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究主要著重於在鋅-空氣電池陰極表面鍍銀，透過添加有機酸，來改善其表面形貌，觀察對鋅-空氣電池充、放電效能之影響。實驗分為三個部分，第一部分是陰極的製備，第二部分是對陰極進行電化學分析，第三部分是進行全電池充、放電測試。
　　第一部分是在陰極的製備上，使用三極式電沉積法，在不鏽鋼網上，電鍍出能加速氧氣反應的觸媒銀，透過添加酒石酸、檸檬酸，來改善無添加劑時的顆粒零散形貌，目的是使銀能夠包覆於不銹鋼網，提升銀的沉積密度。在陰極鑑定方面，利用掃描式電子顯微鏡與X光繞射儀，來鑑定材料基本物理特性。從SEM形貌分析結果來看，添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極，銀的形貌細緻且包覆性最完整。第二部分是將不同添加劑所製備成的陰極，透過循環伏安法(CV)與電化學阻抗頻譜分析(EIS)來進行電化學分析。
從循環伏安法之結果顯示，本實驗所製備的陰極具備OER與ORR的活性，表示具有二次電池之特性，接著使用電化學阻抗頻譜分析(EIS)，可以發現添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極，在電荷轉移電阻(Rct)中為最小的值，證明添加檸檬酸的陰極具有良好的電催化活性。第三部分是鋅空氣電池全電池測試，發現添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極在庫倫效率的表現上，經過250次循環後，仍然可以保持在98%的效率，且在電壓、能量效率上有最佳的表現。

摘要(英)

This study focuses on improving air cathode efficiency with Ag-deposited metal mesh for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. By adding organic acids, its surface morphology became smooth and as zinc air batteries’ cathode, charge/discharge performance was highly enhanced as well. The thesis contains three parts. The first part is the preparation of the air cathode. The second part is the electrochemical analysis of the air cathode. The third part is the full-cell charge/discharge measurements.
　　In the first section, the silver nanoclusters were electrodeposited on the SS mesh by using three-electrode electrodeposition equipment. By adding tartaric acid or citric acid, the silver particles seemed to cover extremely well on the metal mash with higher silver deposition density. On the other hand, the scattered morphology was seen without any additives. The physical properties of the materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). From the SEM morphology analysis results, the air cathode with the citric acid additive has the finest morphology and the most complete coating. The second part is the materials’ electrochemical analyses via Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) showed that air cathode had both OER and ORR activity. With Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), it was found that the air cathode of addition citric acid has the minimum values in the charge transfer resistance (Rct), which is a critical factor for enhancing batteries’ performance. The third part is the Zinc-air battery full-cell test. The air electrode with citric acid assisted exhibited excellent cycling property with 98% Coulombic efficiency even after 250 cycles.

關鍵字(中)

★ 三極式電沉積
★ 添加劑
★ 陰極
★ 鋅空氣電池

關鍵字(英)

★ Three-Electrode Electrodeposition
★ Additives
★ Air cathode
★ Zinc-air battery

論文目次

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 XI
圖目錄 XII
第一章、序論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 研究目的 2
第二章、文獻回顧 4
2-1 電池簡介 4
2-1-1 鋅-銀電池 4
2-1-2 鋰-硫電池 5
2-1-3 鋅-空氣電池 6
2-2 鋅空氣電池的發展 7
2-2-1 一次性鋅-空氣電池 10
2-2-2 二次性鋅-空氣電池 11
2-3 鋅空氣電池原理 12
2-3-1 陽極反應 12
2-3-2 陰極反應 13
2-3-3 全反應 15
2-4 陰極的結構與發展 16
2-4-1 氣體擴散結構層與集電網 16
2-4-1-1 碳材 17
2-4-1-2 集電網 18
2-4-2 氧氣還原催化層 18
2-4-2-1 二氧化錳 20
2-4-2-2 銀 20
2-5 銀電鍍受到有機酸添加劑之影響 21
2-5-1 酒石酸 21
2-5-2 檸檬酸 22
第三章、實驗方法與步驟 23
3-1 實驗規劃 23
3-2 實驗材料與藥品 23
3-3 實驗儀器設備 24
3-3-1 實驗設備 24
3-3-2 分析儀器 25
3-4 實驗流程 25
3-4-1 不銹鋼網電鍍銀製作陰極 25
3-4-1-1 不含添加劑 26
3-4-1-2 添加不同濃度酒石酸 27
3-4-1-3 添加不同濃度檸檬酸 27
3-4-2 陰極之電化學測試 27
3-4-2-1 鍍銀之循環伏安法分析 28
3-4-2-2 空氣電極之循環伏安法分析 28
3-4-2-3 線性掃描伏安法分析 29
3-4-2-4 電化學阻抗頻譜分析 29
3-4-3 組裝全電池充放電測試 30
3-5 材料分析 31
3-5-1 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 31
3-5-2 X光繞射分析儀分析 31
3-5-3 循環伏安法 32
3-5-4 電化學阻抗譜分析 32
3-5-5 全電池充放電測試 33
第四章、結果 34
4-1 不銹鋼網在不同條件下鍍銀所得陰極之差異分析 34
4-1-1 陰極SEM形貌分析 35
4-1-1-1 無添加劑之鍍銀陰極 35
4-1-1-2 添加酒石酸之鍍銀陰極 35
4-1-1-3 添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極 36
4-1-2 陰極之充、放電性能比較 37
4-1-2-1 無添加劑之鍍銀陰極 37
4-1-2-2 添加酒石酸之鍍銀陰極 38
4-1-2-3 添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極 40
4-1-3 陰極之XRD晶體結構分析 42
4-1-3-1 無添加劑之鍍銀陰極 42
4-1-3-2 添加酒石酸之鍍銀陰極 42
4-1-3-3 添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極 43
4-2 陰極鍍銀之循環伏安法分析 43
4-2-1 無添加劑之鍍銀陰極 43
4-2-2 添加酒石酸之鍍銀陰極 44
4-2-3 添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極 44

4-3 陰極之循環伏安法分析 45
4-3-1 無添加劑之鍍銀陰極 45
4-3-2 添加酒石酸之鍍銀陰極 46
4-3-3 添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極 46
4-4 陰極之線性掃描伏安法分析 47
4-4-1 無添加劑之鍍銀陰極 47
4-4-2 添加酒石酸之鍍銀陰極 48
4-4-3 添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極 48
4-5 陰極之電化學阻抗頻譜分析 49
4-5-1 無添加劑之鍍銀陰極 50
4-5-2 添加酒石酸之鍍銀陰極 50
4-5-3 添加檸檬酸之鍍銀陰極 50
4-6 全電池循環充放電分析 51
4-6-1 無添加劑製備空氣電極之循環充放電分析 51
4-6-2 添加酒石酸製備空氣電極之循環充放電分析 52
4-6-3 添加檸檬酸製備空氣電極之循環充放電分析 52
第五章、討論 54
5-1 影響陰極充、放電性能差異之原因 54
5-1-1 酒石酸與檸檬酸之效應 54
5-1-1-1 SEM表面形貌分析 54
5-1-1-2 充、放電性能 55
5-1-1-3 XRD 57
5-1-1-4 鍍銀之循環伏安法 57
5-1-1-5 空氣電極之循環伏安法 59
5-1-1-6 LSV線性掃描伏安法 60
5-1-1-7 電化學阻抗頻譜分析 60
5-2 影響全電池循環充放電性能之原因 61
5-2-1 無添加劑製備空氣電極 61
5-2-2 添加酒石酸製備空氣電極 62
5-2-3 添加檸檬酸製備空氣電極 62
5-3 與鋅-銀一次電池性能比較 63
5-4 與鋰-硫二次電池性能比較 64
5-5 與商用陰極觸媒Pt/C性能比較 65
第六章、結論 67
第七章、未來展望 70
參考文獻 71

參考文獻

[1] 陳振源，「燃料電池」，科學發展391 期，2005
[2] 李世興，「電池活用手冊」，全華，1999
[3] http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=5110

[4] Dilek Ozgit, Pritesh Hiralal, Gehan A.J. Amaratunga, “Improving Performance and Cyclability of Zinc−Silver Oxide Batteries by Using Graphene as a Two Dimensional Conductive Additive”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces,2014, 6, 20752−20757.
[5] Ming-Yuan Yeh, 「HALE UAV儲能系統-鋰硫電池發展趨勢探討」, Remote Sensing Satellite Technology Workshop, 2016.

[6] Scott Evers, Taeeun Yim, Linda F. Nazar, “Understanding the Nature of Absorption/Adsorption in Nanoporous Polysulfide Sorbents for the Li−S Battery”, J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 19653−19658.

[7] 洪傳獻，「鋅空氣電池與其他電池在電動車應用之比較」，鋅空氣電池技術及其在電動車應用研討會，台灣台北，民國88年
[8] 萬其超，「電化學之原理與運用」，徐氏基金會，台灣台北，民國85年
[9] 黃鎮江，「燃料電池」，全華科技，台北，2003
[10] C. L. Mantell, “Batteries and Energy Systems”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983.

[11] Yanguang Li, Ming Gong, Yongye Liang, Ju Feng, Ji-Eun Kim, Hailiang Wang, Guosong Hong1, Bo Zhang, Hongjie Dai, “Advanced zinc-air batteries based on high-performance hybrid electrocatalysts”, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 2013.

[12] Xien Liua, Minjoon Park, Min Gyu Kim, Shiva Gupta , Xiaojuan Wang, Gang Wu, Jaephil Choa, “High-performance non-spinel cobalt–manganese mixed oxide-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries”, Nano Energy, 2015.
[13] 曹玉佳，「鋅-空氣燃料電池陰極之奈米化結構研發」，國立中正大學碩士論文，2007
[14] 唐宏怡，「空氣電極與鋅電極研發」，鋅空氣電池技術及其在電動車的應用研討會，1999
[15] 吉澤四郎，「最新電池工學」，復漢出版社，1981
[16] S. MÜELLER, F. HOLZER, O. HAAS, “Optimized zinc electrode for the rechargeable Zinc-air battery”, JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY,1998,28 895-898.

[17] Frank R., McLarnon, Elton J. Cairns, “The Secondary Alkaline Zinc Electrode”, J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 138, No. 2, February 1991.

[18] T. P. Dirkse, “The Behavior of the Zinc Electrode in Alkaline Solutions”,
J. Electrochem. Soc. 1981,128, 1412.

[19] W. G. Sunu, D. N. Bennion,“ Transient and Failure Analyses of the Porous Zinc Electrode”, J. Electrochem. Soc. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, September 1980.

[20] E. Deiss, F. Holzer, O. Haas, “Modeling of an electrically rechargeable alkaline Zn-air battery”, Electrochimica Acta. 2002,47, 3995-4010.

[21] M.L. Calegaro, F.H.B. Lima, E.A. Ticianelli, “Oxygen reduction reaction on nanosized manganese oxide particles dispersed on carbon in alkaline solutions”, Journal of Power Sources .2006, 158,735–739.

[22] D.P. Gregory, “Metal-Air Batteries”, Mills & Boon, London, 1972.

[23] Pucheng Pei, Keliang Wang, Ze Ma, “Technologies for extending zinc–air battery’s cyclelife: A review”, Applied Energy, 2014,128, 315–324.

[24] Yanguang Li, Hongjie Dai, “Recent advances in zinc–air batteries”, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 5257.

[25] 辛毓真，「鑭鈣銅氧相關系列催化劑在鋅-空氣電池中還原反應之研究」，國立交通大學碩士論文，2006

[26] “http://me.dyu.edu.tw/lab/H457/HOMEWORK/fuelcell/Alkaline.”

[27] G. Q. Zhang, X. G. Zhang, “MnO2/MCMB Electrocatalyst for All Solid-State Alkaline Zinc-Air Cells”, Electrochim. Acta, 2004,49, 873.

[28] C. A. Vincent, B. Scrosati, M.Lazzari, F. Bonino, “Modern Battery”, Thomso Litho Ltd, East Kilbrid, Scotland, 1984.

[29] Y. Y. Shao, J. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. H. Lin, “Novel Catalyst Support Material for PEM Fuel Cell: Current Status and Future Prospects”, J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 46.

[30] F. Zhang, T. Saito, S. Cheng, M. A. Hickner, B. E. Logan, “Microbial Fuel Cell Cathodes With Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Diffusion Layers Constructed around Stainless Steel Mesh Current Collectors”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010,44, 1490.

[31] D. Chartouni, N. Kuriyama, T. Kiyobayashi, J. Chen, “Air–Metal Hydride Secondary Battery with Long Cycle Life”, J. Alloys Compd, 2002, 330, 766.

[32] C. C. Yang, “ Preparation and Characterization of Electrochemical Properties of Air Cathode Electrode”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 2004, 29, 135.

[33] Dong Un Lee, Ja-Yeon Choi, Kun Feng, Hey Woong Park, and Zhongwei Chen,“Advanced Extremely Durable 3D Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries”, Adv. Energy Mater. 2013.

[34] Jin-Bum Park, Xiangyi Luo, Jun Lu, Chang Dae Shin, Chong Seung Yoon, Khalil Amine, Yang-Kook Sun, “Improvement of Electrochemical Properties of Lithium−Oxygen Batteries Using a Silver Electrode”, J. Phys. Chem. 2015, 119, 15036 −15040.

[35] T. Wang, M. Kaempgen, P. Nopphawan, G. Wee, S. Mhaisalkar, M. Srinivasan, “Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes as Bifunctional Gas-Diffusion Electrodes for Zinc–Air Batteries”, J. Power Sources,2010,195, 4350.

[36] J. Yang, J. J. Xu, “Nanostructured Amorphous Manganese Oxide Cryogel as 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a High-Rate Lithium Intercalation Host”, Electrochem. Commun., 2003, 5,306.

[37] Z. Chen, A. Yu, R. Ahmed, H. Wang, H. Li, Z. Chen, “Manganese Dioxide Nanotube and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Based Composite Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery”, Electrochim. Acta, 2012, 69, 295.

[38] Y. S. Ding, X. F. Shen, S. Sithambaram, S. Gomez, R. Kumar, V. M. B. Crisostomo, S. L. Suib, M. Aindow, “Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Cryptomelane-Type Manganese Dioxide Nanomaterials Produced by a Novel Solvent-Free Method”, Chem. Mater., 2005, 17, 5382.

[39] F. Cheng, Y. Su, J. Liang, Z. Tao, J. Chen, “MnO2-Based Nanostructures as Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Media”, Chem. Mater., 2010, 22, 898.

[40] Y. Yang, Q. Sun, Y. S. Li, H. Li, Z. W. Fu, “A CoOx/Carbon Double-Layer Thin Film Air Eectrode for Nonaqueous Li-Air Batteries”, J. Power Sources, 2013, 223, 312.

[41] Y. Liang, Y. Li, H. Wang, J. Zhou, J. Wang, T. Regier, H. Dai, “Co3O4 Nanocrystal on Graphene as a Synergistic Catalyst for Reduction Reaction”, Nat. Mater., 2011, 10, 780.

[42] M. Yuasa, M. Nishida, T. Kida, N. Yamazoe, K. Shimanoe, “Bi-Functional Oxygen Electrodes Using LaMnO3/LaNiO3 for Rechargeable Metal-Air Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158, A605.

[43] N. A. Merino, B. P. Barbero, P. Grange, L. E. Cadús, “La1−xCaxCoO3 Perovskite-Type Oxides: Preparation, Characterisation, Stability, and Catalytic Potentiality for the Total Oxidation of Propane”, J. Catal., 2005, 231, 232.

[44] Pathaka, J. Kuebler, A. Payzantc, N. Orlovskaya, “Mechanical Behavior and Electrical Conductivity of La1−xCaxCoO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.55) Perovskites”, J. Power Sources, 2010, 195, 3612.

[45] M. Maja, C. Orecchia, M. Strano, P. Tosco, M. Vanni, “Effect of Structure of the Electrical Performance of Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Metal Air Batteries”, Electrochim. Acta,2000, 46, 423.

[46] Z. Chen, A. Yu, R. Ahmed, H. Wang, H. Li, Z. Chen, “Manganese Dioxide Nanotube and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Based Composite Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery”, Electrochim. Acta, 2012, 69, 295.

[47] G. Du, X. Liu, Y. Zong, T. S. A. Hor, A. Yucand, Z. Liu, “Co3O4 Nanoparticle - Modified MnO2 Nanotube Bifunctional Oxygen Cathode Catalysts for Rechargeable Bifunctional Oxygen Cathode Catalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries”, Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 4657.

[48] 李奕成，「金屬空氣電池之技術與應用現況」，工業材料雜誌347期，2015

[49] “http://www. Eosenergystorage.com/”

[50] “http://www.phinergy.com/”

[51] Guojun Du, Xiaogang Liu, Yun Zong, T. S. Andy Hor ,Aishui Yuc , Zhaolin Liu,“Co3O4 nanoparticle-modified MnO2 nanotube bifunctional oxygen cathode catalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries”, Nanoscale, 2013, 5, 4657.

[52] Moni Prabu, Prakash Ramakrishnan, Sangaraju Shanmugam,“CoMn2O4 nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air battery”, Electrochemistry Communications , 2014,41, 59–63.
[53] Zhu Chen, Aiping Yu, Drew Higgins, Hui Li, Haijiang Wang, Zhongwei Chen, “Highly Active and Durable Core−Corona Structured Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Metal−Air Battery Application”, Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1946−1952.

[54] Kyu-Nam Jung, Jong-Hyuk Jung, Won Bin Im, Sukeun Yoon, Kyung-Hee Shin, Jong-Won Lee, “Doped Lanthanum Nickelates with a Layered Perovskite Structure as Bifunctional Cathode Catalysts for Rechargeable Metal−Air Batteries”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5, 9902−9907.

[55] Y. G. Li, M. Gong, Y. Y. Liang, J. Feng, J. E. Kim, H. L. Wang, G. S. Hong, B. Zhang, H. J. Dai, “Advanced Zinc Air Batteries Based on High Performance Hybrid Electrocatalysts”, Nat. Commun.2013,4, 1805.

[56] J.E. Post, “Maganese Oxide Minerals: Crystal Structure and Economic and Environmental Significance ”,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,1999,96.3447.

[57] J.P.Bernet,“ Electrochemical Behavior of Metallic Oxides” , J. Power Sources,1979,4,183.

[58] L. Mao, “Electrochemical Characterization of Catalytic Activities of Maganese to Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Aqueous Solution”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, 149, A504.
[59] P. C. Foller, Improved slurry zinc-air systems as batteries for urban vehicle propulsion, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1986, 16, 527.

[60] R. Thacker, “On the use of palladium-catalyzed cathodes in a secondary zinc-air cell”, Energy Conversion,1972,12, 17–20.

[61] L. Maiche, French Pat., 127069, 1878.

[62] N. Wagner, M. Schulze, E. Gülzow, “Long term investigations of silver cathodes for alkaline fuel cells”, Journal of Power Sources ,2004,127, 264–272.

[63] C. Coutanceau, L. Demarconnay, C. Lamy and J. M. Leger, Development of electrocatalysts for solid alkaline fuel cell (SAFC), J. Power Sources, 2006, 156, 14.

[64] H. Meng and P. K. Shen, Novel Pt-free catalyst for oxygen electroreduction
, Electrochem. Commun., 2006, 8, 588.

[65] M. Chatenet, L. Genies-Bultel, M. Aurousseau, R. Durand and F. Andolfatto, “Oxygen reduction on silver catalysts in solutions containing various concentrations of sodium hydroxide – comparison with platinum,” J. Appl. Electrochem., 2002, 32, 1131.

[66] J. S. Spendelow and A. Wieckowski, “Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction and small alcohol oxidation in alkaline media”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, 9, 2654.

[67] G.M. Zarkadas , A. Stergiou , G. Papanastasiou, “Influence of tartaric acid on the electrodeposition of silver from binary water + dioxane AgNO3 solutions”, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry ,2004,35, 607–615.

[68] G.M. Zarkadas, A. Stergiou , G. Papanastasiou , “Influence of citric acid on the silver electrodeposition from aqueous AgNO3 solutions”, Electrochimica Acta ,2005,50, 5022–5031.

[69] “https://www.materialsnet.com.tw/DocView.aspx?id=23966＂
[70] Xuemei Li, Nengneng Xu, Haoran Li, Min Wang, Lei Zhang, Jinli Qiao, “3D hollow sphere Co3O4/MnO2-CNTs: Its high-performance bi-functional cathode catalysis and application in rechargeable zinc-air battery”, Green Energy and Environment,2017.

[71] Alain Robina, Gilbert Silvab, Jorge Luiz Rosaa, “Corrosion Behavior of HA-316L SS Biocomposites in Aqueous Solutions”, Materials Research. 2013,16(6),1254-1259.

[72] “https://www.fuelcellsetc.com/store/DS/SGL-GDL_10.pdf”

指導教授

林景崎

審核日期

2017-7-26

推文