應用高壓蒸氣技術製備抗菌輕質材料及其 特性評估研究

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戴肇寬(ZHAO-KUAN DAI) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

應用高壓蒸氣技術製備抗菌輕質材料及其特性評估研究
(Characterization of anti-fungal lightweight material manufactured by autoclaving technique)

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摘要(中)

本研究應用高壓蒸氣技術，控制鈣矽比(0.6~1.49)、蒸氣壓力(0.4~0.8MPa)及反應時間(4~12hr)，並以市售奈米級二氧化鈦作為抗菌之調質劑(添加配比介於0~5%)，探討含鈣矽化合物之泥渣類廢棄物轉換為抗菌輕質化材料之可行性，研究對象分別為漿紙污泥氣化後之飛灰、漿紙污泥煅燒後之飛灰及淨水污泥。研究結果顯示，控制鈣矽比為0.9、蒸氣壓力0.8 MPa 及反應時間8小時之條件下，以氣化灰製備之材料具有較低之視密度(1.61 g/cm3)及較高之抗壓強度(32.4 kgf/cm2)，而以煅燒灰製備之材料，其視密度約為1.63 g/cm3，而抗壓強度稍低於氣化灰製備之材料，約為31.9 kgf/cm2。在添加二氧化鈦之調質試驗結果顯示，調整不同鈣矽比(0.6~1.49)及二氧化鈦添加比例(0~5%)條件下，以氣化灰製備之材料，具有低視密度(1.61~1.64 g/cm3)、高視孔隙率(53.0~57.3%)及高抗壓強度(34.7~85.5 kgf/cm2)等材料特性，符合相關高壓蒸氣養護輕質氣泡混凝土之產品規範。
以氣化灰製備材料之環境安全性分析結果可知，材料之鉛、硒、鋅、鉻、砷、銅、鎘、鋇、鎳等重金屬TCLP濃度均符合法規標準。至於抗菌試驗之分析結果，經過14天之試驗後，輕質化材料表面之Penicillium funiculosum覆蓋率，由添加0% TiO2之66.36%降至添加5% TiO2之20.47%。另根據ASTM G21-09之材料抗黴目視等級評估規範，於14天照光試驗條件之抗菌等級，為第二級，此係本研究製備之輕質化材料添加二氧化鈦後，可透過光催化作用抑制Penicillium funiculosum生長，不僅降低Penicillium funiculosum之生長速率，更可減少該菌之生長面積，達到抑菌之效果。整體而言，本研究應用高壓蒸氣技術製備之抗菌輕質化材料極具未來應用與發展之潛力。

摘要(英)

This study investigates the characterization of antifungal lightweight material produced from water purification sludge, ash derived from paper mill sludge gasification and combustion by autoclaving technique with controlled Ca/Si ratio 0.6~1.49, steam pressure 0.4~0.8 MPa and reaction time 4~12 hr. Commercialized nano-titanium dioxide (0~5%) was used as an antifungal modifier. In the case of Ca/Si ratio 0.9, steam pressure 0.8 MPa and reaction time 8 hr, the experimental results indicated that the lightweight material produced from gasification ash have a lower bulk density (1.61 g/cm3) and higher compressive strength (32.4 kgf/cm2). However, the lightweight material produced from combustion ash have a relatively high bulk density (1.63 g/cm3) and low compressive strength (31.9 kgf/cm2). In order to enhance the quality and performance of lightweight materials, in the case of 0~5% titanium dioxide addition and Ca/Si ratio controlled between 0.6 and 1.49, the characteristics results indicated that the lightweight materials produced from gasification ash have a lower bulk density (1.61~1.64 g/cm3), higher apparent porosity (53.0~57.3%) and higher compressive strength (34.7~85.5kgf/cm2). It was in compliance with relevant criteria of autoclaving lightweight concrete.
According to the analysis results of environmental safety of lightweight material produced from gasification ash, it was shown that the tested toxic metals concentrations by toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) were lower than the regulation thresholds in Taiwan. As the analysis results of the 14 days antifungal test, the lightweight materials surface coverage rate of Penicillium was decreased from 66.36% to 20.47% with titanium dioxide addition ratio increasing from 0% to 5%. Based on ASTM G21-09 standard method, in the case of light test after 14 days, the visible rating of the lightweight material was second grade. That is, adding titanium dioxide can inhibit Penicillium growth by photocatalytic. It can decrease the Penicillium growth rate and reduce surface coverage of lightweight material. In summary, the antifungal lightweight materials produced from gasification ash have been proven successfully by autoclaving technique. It has a good potential for building materials application and development in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ 高壓蒸氣技術
★ 漿紙污泥
★ 氣化飛灰
★ 淨水污泥
★ 抗菌輕質化材料

關鍵字(英)

★ Autoclaving
★ paper mill sludge
★ gasification ash
★ water purification sludge
★ antifungal lightweight materials

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章前言 1
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1 淨水污泥之處理現況及物化特性 4
2-1-1 淨水污泥之產量及處理概況 4
2-1-2 淨水污泥之物化特性 5
2-2 漿紙污泥及漿紙污泥灰之處理現況及物化特性 8
2-2-1 漿紙污泥及漿紙污泥灰之產量及處理現況 8
2-2-2 漿紙污泥及漿紙污泥灰之物化特性 9
2-3 高壓蒸氣技術之機制原理與應用 16
2-3-1 高壓蒸氣技術之原理 16
2-3-2 操作條件對高壓蒸氣技術之影響 17
2-3-3 奈米顆粒對混凝土之影響 22
2-3-4 高壓蒸氣技術之研究與應用實績 28
2-4 國內廢棄物轉換為輕質化材料之相關研究 35
2-5 二氧化鈦應用於抗菌材料之研究成果 37
2-5-1 二氧化鈦之光催化原理與機制 37
2-5-2 影響真菌生長之因素 38
2-5-3 奈米光觸媒應用於建材之抗菌成效 39
第三章研究材料與方法 43
3-1 實驗材料 43
3-2 實驗操作條件 44
3-2-1 預先試驗 44
3-2-2 調質試驗 45
3-2-3 實驗設備 47
3-3 實驗設備及分析方法 48
3-3-1 分析項目與方法 49
第四章結果與討論 56
4-1 研究材料基本特性分析 56
4-1-1 原料之粒徑分析 56
4-1-2 原料之化學組成 58
4-1-3 熱重損失之分析結果 60
4-1-4 原料之物種鑑定及微觀結構 61
4-2 抗菌輕質化材料之材料特性分析 63
4-2-1 預先試驗分析結果 63
4-2-2 調質條件對抗菌輕質化材料特性之影響 70
4-2-3 抗菌輕質化材料之微觀結構及物種鑑定分析 79
4-3 抗菌輕質化材料之環境安全性評及抗菌成效評估 93
4-3-1 抗菌輕質化材料之毒性溶出試驗分析結果 93
4-3-2輕質化材料之抗菌分析結果 95
第五章結論與建議 111
5-1 結論 111
5-2 建議 113
參考文獻 114

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指導教授

江康鈺(Kung-Yuh Chiang)

審核日期

2017-8-22

推文