生質燃料灰渣之再利用與再處理方法探討

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蕭柏洋(Po-Yang Hsiao) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

生質燃料灰渣之再利用與再處理方法探討

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摘要(中)

本研究主要是針對國內設有燃燒生質燃料之鍋爐廠，進行衍生灰渣材料特性與資源化再利用技術之可行性研究。並依國內鍋爐廠的使用現況選定兩種類之生質燃料：（1）棕櫚殼、（2）廢棄養菇太空包製成之木顆粒，依據上述兩種燃料燃燒後衍生之飛灰及底渣，進行土木材料相關之物理性質及化學性質基本檢試驗，探討其材料之特性並建立各衍生灰渣之基線資料。
依據材料之特性採用不同之再利用可行技術並作合適性評估，以達成資源循環之最大效益。本研究所採用土木材料再利用技術包含（1）控制性低強度回填材料CLSM、（2）高壓混凝土磚以及（3）人造粒料。於各種再利用試驗結果上顯示生質燃料衍生灰渣應用於土木工程材料或水泥製品皆具有一定的再利用成效及經濟效益。
從特性實驗結果得知，本研究使用之生質燃料飛灰中菇包飛灰具有吸水率高、殘碳量高之特性，摻配於水泥砂漿有緩凝及強度下降的現象，且變異性過大可能會影響再利用發展。本研究透過水洗的再處理方式有改善菇包飛灰緩凝的狀況。而棕櫚殼飛灰由於粒徑較粗有活性較低的現象，因此對棕櫚殼飛灰進行研磨再處理，經由砂漿試驗得出強度活性有提升的效果。另外，使用高溫燃燒飛灰的方式試圖降低飛灰的殘碳量，卻得到隨燃燒溫度提升而砂漿強度下降的結果，推論是由於過高溫度造成飛灰燒結團聚與晶相改變而強度活性指數下降的現象。

摘要(英)

This research aims at the derived fly ash and bottom ash which are produced by the domestic boiler plants burning biomass fuel, and clarify the properties of these waste and the feasibility of their reuses. According to the current status of the domestic boiler plant, two types of biomass fuels are selected: (1)palm kernel shells, (2) the wood pellets made of abandoned mushroom bags.
According to the characteristics of the materials, three different reuse methods are used in this study including (1) Controlled Low Strength Material, CLSM, (2) compressed concrete bricks, and (3) artificial aggregate. The result of reuse tests shows that utilization of the biomass fuel derived ash in civil engineering materials bring about certain effectiveness and economic benefits.
Because water absorption and loss on ignition of Mushroom bags fly ash (MFA) are high, when blending MFA in cement mortar will delay the setting time and decrease the strength. And excessive variability may affect the reuse of this kinds fly ash. In this study, using the re-treatment of washing MFA can improve the problem of setting time. The strength activity of palm kernel shells fly ash(PKSFA) are lower than the general coal fly ash due to the coarse particle size. Therefore, ground the PKSFA to increase the specific surface area, that would improve the strength activity of the blended cement mortar. That may since the agglomeration and crystallization of glassy phase of the particles occurred during the heating process.

關鍵字(中)

★ 生質燃料
★ 飛灰
★ 底渣
★ 水洗
★ 燃燒
★ 研磨
★ 資源化再利用

關鍵字(英)

★ Biomass
★ Fly ash
★ Grinding
★ Washing
★ Heating
★ Reuse and recycling

論文目次

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
致謝 v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xvii
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的 1
1.3研究範圍 2
1.4研究方法及內容 2
1.5名稱整理 3
第二章文獻回顧 5
2-1鍋爐與燃料 5
2-1-1鍋爐種類 5
2-1-2燃料種類 7
2-2燃煤飛灰 10
2-2-1燃煤飛灰來源 10
2-2-2燃煤飛灰基本性質 12
2-3生質燃料衍生灰渣 14
2-3-1國內生質物種類 14
2-3-2國外木質燃料灰基本性質 15
2-3-3棕櫚油燃料灰(POFA)基本性質 21
2-4灰渣再處理成效 28
2-4-1研磨與燃燒 28
2-4-2水洗 33
2-5資源化再利用 35
2-5-1控制性低強度回填材料(CLSM) 35
2-5-2高壓混凝土磚 44
2-5-3人造粒料 45
第三章研究材料及方法 47
3-1研究材料 47
3-1-1燃料與灰渣來源介紹 47
3-1-2灰渣生產與取樣 49
3-1-3灰渣外觀概述 50
3-2研究流程 55
3-3實驗設備及方法 60
第四章生質燃料衍生灰渣性質分析 75
4-1生質燃料衍生飛灰 75
4-1-1生質燃料飛灰之特性 75
4-1-2生質燃料飛灰之微觀分析 81
4-1-3生質燃料飛灰之水泥試驗 84
4-2生質燃料衍生底渣 90
4-2-1生質燃料底渣之特性 90
4-2-2生質燃料底渣之水泥砂漿試驗 95
4-3灰渣特性小結 99
第五章生質燃料衍生灰渣再利用試驗 101
5-1 CLSM控制性低強度回填材料 101
5-1-1配比設計 101
5-1-2新拌性質 101
5-2高壓混凝土磚 106
5-3人造粒料 111
第六章生質燃料飛灰再處理成效 113
6-1 研磨處理 113
6-1-1研磨細度 113
6-1-2研磨後凝結時間 118
6-1-3研磨後強度活性指數 119
6-1-4研磨前後微觀分析 121
6-2 水洗 128
6-2-1水洗流程 128
6-2-2水洗前後XRD成分分析 131
6-2-3水洗後凝結時間 133
6-2-4水洗後強度活性指數 134
6-2-5水洗前後SEM分析 136
6-3 高溫灼燒 137
6-3-1加熱方式 137
6-3-2外觀變化 138
6-3-3飛灰燃燒前後XRD 139
6-3-4飛灰燃燒前後SEM 143
6-3-5強度活性指數 145
6-4 再處理小結 146
第七章結論與建議 147
7.1結論 147
7.2建議 149
參考文獻 150
附錄一 158

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指導教授

黃偉慶(Wei-Hsing Huang)

審核日期

2018-4-17

推文