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姓名 洪秋岑(Chiu-Tsen Hung) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 土木工程學系 論文名稱 初步探討地震圓弧交叉──以日本、阿拉斯加、加州及非洲為例 相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式] [Bibtex 格式] [相關文章] [文章引用] [完整記錄] [館藏目錄] [檢視] [下載]
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摘要(中) 地震為人類的居住帶來舉足輕重之影響,選擇居住環境時,眾所皆知應避開斷層帶。若能找到地震發生的時間與距離之規律,使其成為另一種居住的參考依據,將是一大福祉。
地震圓弧交叉的概念發想自李顯智教授,利用地震規模4.6以上之地震目錄,繪製地震事件排列之圓弧,兩條圓弧交叉的地方附近因為「應力集中交互作用」往後常會發生規模6以上的大地震。另外,在每一個大地震附近也經常發現在地震前一段時間內有地震圓弧交叉形成。
本研究沿用此觀念,探討非台灣地區的地震圓弧交叉。日本與阿拉斯加的地震和台灣一樣,主要由逆向斷層所引起,而加州與非洲的地震成因主要分別屬於剪切斷層與正向斷層。
從地震規模6以上的大地震發生時間往前推5年,搜尋規模4.6以上的地震事件並繪製圓弧交叉,記錄時間與距離,並且分析地震的裂縫長度與規模的分布情形。然後,重新繪製與分析規模6以上的大地震往前推7年之規模4.8以上之地震圓弧交叉,進行穩定性分析。摘要(英) Earthquakes have a significant impact on human dwellings. Everyone knows that we should avoid fault zones when finding a place to settle down. It will be a great fortune if we can find the regulation of the occurrence time and the locations of strong earthquakes and let it be another residential parameter.
The concept of the intersection of circular arcs of earthquakes was proposed by Professor Lei, Hin-Chi. Using the earthquake events with magnitudes over 4.6 to plot an intersection of arcs of earthquakes, one can usually find a strong earthquake (called Main Shock) with magnitude over 6 near the intersection due to the interaction of two systems of stress concentrations. On the other hand, near to every strong earthquake usually there was an intersection of arcs of earthquakes formed before it.
This thesis follows the above concept to study the intersections of arcs of earthquakes in areas other than Taiwan. Earthquakes in Japan and in Alaska are more similar to those in Taiwan. They are mainly caused by reverse fault. And earthquakes in California and in Africa are respectively mainly caused by strike-slip fault and normal fault.
We try to construct the intersection of arcs of earthquakes with events over 4.6 formed in a period of five years before each selected strong earthquake over 6. The distance between each strong earthquake and the intersection point of the arcs of earthquakes are recorded. The time interval between the occurrence of each strong earthquake and the confirming time of the intersection of arcs of earthquakes is also measured. The lengths of the faults corresponding to the main events along the arcs of earthquakes are analyzed. To test the stability of our method, we also repeat our analysis for the events over 4.8 in a period of seven years before each strong earthquake.關鍵字(中) ★ 地震圓弧交叉 關鍵字(英) 論文目次 摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝辭 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 x
符號說明 xiv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
第三章 研究方法 4
3.1 研究範圍 4
3.2 定義與假設 9
3.2.1 背景假設 9
3.2.2 地震圓弧交叉 9
3.3 研究步驟 11
第四章 研究結果與討論 14
4.1 主震前五年規模4.6以上的事件所組成的地震圓弧交叉 14
4.1.1 地震圓弧交叉基本資料 14
4.1.2 時間與距離 42
4.1.3 δ2與規模、裂縫分布的相關性 50
4.2 主震前七年規模4.8以上的事件所組成的地震圓弧交叉 58
4.2.1 地震圓弧交叉基本資料 58
4.2.2 時間與距離 86
4.2.3 δ2與規模、裂縫分布的相關性 93
4.3 M4.6+和M4.8+比較(穩定性分析) 101
第五章 結論與未來展望 102
5.1 結論 102
5.2 未來展望 102
參考文獻 103
附錄一 105
附錄二 115
附錄三 123
附錄四 133參考文獻 [1] H. C. Lei and C.W. Tang, “Circular Arcs and Curvilinear Distributions of Events of Earthquakes in Taiwan”, The Thirteenth National Conference on Structural Engineering and The Third National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, page No. 1113, Taoyuan, Taiwan, August 24~26, 2016.
[2] H. C. Lei, “Circles, Circular Arcs and Lines of Earthquakes around Taiwan”, The 40th National Conference on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, November 25~26, 2016.
[3] H. C. Lei, W. Y. Tsai, Y.C. Shih, P. Y. Sun, Y. Y. Chen, M. F. Chen, “An Elementary Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Method of Earthquake Prediction by Intersections of Circular Arcs of Earthquakes around Taiwan”, Taiwan-Japan Symposium on the Advancement of Urban Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, September 4~5, 2017.
[4] C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2002.
[5] 蔡偉源,「台灣地震圓弧交叉與大震之關聯(1976年至1988年)」,國立中央大學,土木工程研究所碩士論文,民國106年。
[6] 時毓謙,「台灣地震弧交叉與大地震關聯之研究(1990年至2003年)」,國立中央大學,土木工程研究所碩士論文,民國106年。
[7] 游敬枰,「從2003到2013年台灣區域地震圓弧交叉與大地震之關聯」,國立中央大學,土木工程研究所碩士論文,民國106年。
[8] H. C. Lei, “Some Ideas for Constructing Significant Intersections of Circular Arcs of Earthquakes”, Taiwan-Japan Joint Symposium on the Advancement of Urban Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, September 4~5, 2017.
[9] 李錫堤,「活斷層工程評估的新發展」,地工技術雜誌,第44卷,5~18頁,西元1993年。
[10] Tocher, D., “Earthquake Energy and Ground Breakage”, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Vol. 48, No. 2, pp.147~153, 1958.
[11] Iida, K., “Earthquake Magnitude, Earthquake Fault, and Source Dimensions”, Jour. Earth Sci., Nagoya Univ., Vol.13, No. 2, pp.115~132, 1965.
[12] 松田時?,「活動層?地震─??地質?的研究」,地質?論集,第12卷,15~32頁,西元1976年。
[13] Tsai, Chu-Chuan, Loh, Chin-Hsiung, and Yeh, Yeong-Tein, “Analysis of Earthquake Risk in Taiwan Based on Seismotectonic Zones”, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, No. 9, pp.413~446, 1987.指導教授 李顯智(Hin-Chi Lei) 審核日期 2018-7-26 推文 facebook plurk twitter funp google live udn HD myshare reddit netvibes friend youpush delicious baidu 網路書籤 Google bookmarks del.icio.us hemidemi myshare