以行為及事件相關電位探討中文雙字詞的記憶聯結錯誤

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：35

、訪客IP：3.144.93.34

姓名

王孟豪(Meng-Hao Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

認知與神經科學研究所

論文名稱

以行為及事件相關電位探討中文雙字詞的記憶聯結錯誤
(Remembering Wrongly Conjoined Chinese Two-Character Words: Behavioral and ERP studies of Memory Conjunction Errors)

相關論文

★ 意旁結合度、意旁表意透明度對中文閱讀的影響	★ 項目指示遺忘效果的行為與事件相關電位研究
★ 項目指示遺忘作業中記憶登錄及提取歷程的行為及事件相關腦電位研究	★ 以語意促發作業探討項目指示遺忘中線索對於記憶登錄歷程影響之行為及事件相關腦電位研究
★ 特定與非特定來源記憶提取的行為及事件相關腦電位	★ 以行為及事件相關腦電位探討處理層次與聯結性登錄方式對記憶連結錯誤之影響
★ 中文字詞辨識的語音運作單位	★ 由語意透明度所引發的再認記憶鏡像效應：行為與事件相關腦電位研究
★ 登錄作業對於中文雙字詞語意透明度在再認記憶中所引發鏡像效應之影響：行為及事件相關腦電位實驗	★ 以事件相關腦電位探討細節性與概要性記憶的提取導向
★ 以行為及事件相關腦電位實驗探討前瞻記憶線索出現機率對於前瞻干擾效果的影響	★ 以跨顱電刺激與事件相關腦電位探討左側後頂葉腦區於再認記憶中所扮演之角色
★ 測驗表現回饋對測驗效應之調控的行為與事件相關腦電位研究	★ 以非侵入式腦刺激探討左後側頂葉與情節記憶提取之因果關係
★ 中文假字形聲限制高低對於試誤與無誤學習之影響的行為與事件相關腦電位研究	★ 情緒入碼情境對於記憶登錄與提取中的控制歷程之影響

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

摘要
本研究以行為實驗以及事件相關腦電位（Event-Related Potentials, ERPs）探討記憶聯結錯誤（Memory Conjunction Errors）的機制及其性質。實驗一、二探討人們產生記憶聯結錯誤是否伴隨重拾記憶（recollection）歷程，實驗一使用「記得/知道」判斷作為主觀經驗的指標，實驗二則採用過去文獻中已知的電生理相關訊號（electrophysiological correlates）探討記憶聯結錯誤所伴隨的意識經驗。發現兩個實驗的記憶聯結錯誤都伴隨與重拾記憶相關的指標，顯示記憶聯錯誤並非只是肇因於受試者對於部件重複出現所引發的熟悉感，而是伴隨偽重拾記憶（false recollection）。此外，實驗二的電生理相關訊號顯示偽重拾記憶及真實記憶的重拾記憶的分佈是相似的，表示兩者在的處理機制十分相似。實驗一、二皆觀察到記憶聯結錯誤的產生引發與重拾記憶相關的指標，但兩個實驗對於聯結項目的記憶強度卻有差別，造成兩實驗差異的可能性在於使用的實驗材料及是否做用「記得/知道」判斷，實驗三的結果顯示記憶聯結錯誤受學習階段的材料性質的影響，和學習項目和測驗項目共同組成單字的字義相似度呈正相關。實驗二的學習階段的事件相關電位也顯示，舊項目和聯結項目產生隨後記憶效果，表示是否產生記憶聯結錯誤和訊息登錄階段的處理有很高的相關。因此，實驗四操弄處理學習項目單字間的關聯強度，在學習階段前提醒受試者測驗階段包含聯結項目，加強單字間的關聯強度，相對的在測驗階段前才得知的單字間關聯較弱。結果項目的單字於學習階段的關聯較強降低記憶聯結錯誤，關聯較弱的情況記憶聯錯誤所伴隨的偽重拾記憶不變，顯示部件錯誤組合的確為記憶聯結錯誤的部份來源。綜合四個實驗，記憶聯錯誤的部份來源為訊息登錄時，部件錯誤組合的整體表徵而來，而進入長期記憶的錯誤表徵引發記憶聯結誤的偽重拾記憶歷程。

摘要(英)

Abstract
The study conducted a series of behavioral and ERP studies to investigate the neural/cognitive mechanisms underlying the memory conjunction errors.
The experiment 1 and 2 aimed to examine whether the memory conjunction errors were accompanied with the recollection processes. The results of experiment 1and 2 revealed that the memory conjunction errors were accompanied with false recollection processes, suggesting that the memory conjunction errors were not exclusively derived from the familiarity processes associated with memory conjunction lures. Besides, the ERP results of experiment 2 also showed that the topographic distribution of the parietal old/new effect for conjunction lures was statistically indistinguishable from that for studied old items. This implied that the correct identification of studied items and the false alarms to conjunction lures were supported by similar cognitive processes. The subsequent memory effect suggested that the processes associated conjunction errors might locate at the encoding stage. Another interesting issue is whether the “false recollection” of conjunction stimuli is due to binding errors during the encoding phase. The results of experiment 4 are seen as supporting the hypothesis that binding is an important step in the encoding stage. We suggest that some memory conjunction errors produced in the failure of the process of binding of information elements into long-term memory.

關鍵字(中)

★ 事件相關電位
★ 偽重拾記憶
★ 記憶聯結錯誤

關鍵字(英)

★ Event-Related Potentials
★ memory conjunction error
★ false recollection

論文目次

目錄
第一章記憶聯結錯誤（Memory Conjunction Errors）的研究 1
1.1緒論 1
1.2記憶聯結錯誤的實驗典範與解釋 3
1.2.1記憶表徵觀點的解釋 3
1.2.2處理歷程觀點對記憶聯結錯誤形成的解釋 13
1.3總結 18
第二章．再認記憶（Recognition memory） 20
2.1 雙重歷程理論 20
2.2 記得/知道程序的介紹 24
2.3 總結 28
第三章．人類記憶的事件相關電位研究 30
3.1 事件相關電位 30
3.2 記憶提取階段的事件相關電位研究 31
3.2.1 頂葉區新舊效果 32
3.2.2 早期中額葉區新舊效果 34
3.2.3 右額葉區新舊效果 35
3.3記憶扭曲的事件相關電位研究 37
第四章．研究目的與方法 40
第五章．記憶聯結錯誤伴隨的主觀意識經驗：實驗一 44
5.1.實驗方法 44
5.2結果 45
5.2.1新舊判斷 46
5.2.2記得知道判斷 46
5.3 討論 49
第六章．記憶聯結錯誤伴隨重拾記憶的電生理證據：實驗二 52
6.1實驗方法 53
6.2實驗結果 55
6.2.1行為資料分析 55
6.2.2 ERP振幅分析 55
6.3討論 64
第七章．影響聯結項目記憶強度的因素:實驗三 67
7.1實驗方法 67
7.2實驗結果 68
7.3 討論 74
第八章．訊息登錄的部件錯誤組合：實驗四 77
8.1實驗方法 78
8.2實驗結果 79
8.3討論 82
第九章．綜合討論 85
9.1記憶聯結錯誤伴隨的主觀經驗 85
9.2實驗材料對記憶聯結錯誤的影響 87
9.3支持處理歷程觀點的證據 88
9.4研究限制與建議 89
參考文獻 91
附錄 100
附錄一 100
附錄二 102

參考文獻

參考文獻
劉慧美（2003）。「有沒有關係有關係？—語意訊息對記憶重組錯誤形成的影響」（未發表之碩士論文）。台北：國立政治大學心理學研究所。
Allan, K., & Rugg, M. D. (1997). An event-related potential study of explicit memory on tests of cued recall and recognition. Neuropsychologia, 35, 387-397.
Atkinson, R. C., & Juola, J. F. (1974). Search and decision processes in recognition memory. In D.H.Krantz, R. C. Atkinson, R. D. Luce, & P. Suppes (Eds.), Contemporary developments in mathematical psychology (pp. 243-293). San Francisco: Freeman.
Curran, T. (1999). The electrophysiology of incidental and intentional retrieval: ERP old/new effects in lexical decision and recognition memory. Neuropsychologia, 37, 771-785.
Curran, T. (2000). Brain potentials of recollection and familiarity. Memory and Cognition, 28, 923-938.
Curran, T., & Cleary, A. M. (2003). Using ERPs to dissociate recollection from familiarity in picture recognition. Cognitive Brain Research, 15, 191-205.
Curran, T., DeBuse, C., Woroch, B. & Hirshman, E. (2006). Combined pharmacological and electrophysiological dissociation of familiarity and recollection. The Journal of Neurosdence, 26, 1979-1985.
Curran, T., & Dien, J. (2003). Differentiating amodal familiarity from modality-specific memory processes: An ERP study. Psychophysiology, 40, 979-988.
Donaldson, W. (1996). The role of decision processes in remembering and knowing. Memory and Cognition, 24, 523-533.
Donaldson, D. I., & Rugg, M. D. (1998). Recognition memory for new associations: Electrophysiological evidence for the role of recollection. Neuropsychologia, 36, 377-395.
Duzel, E., Vargha-Khadem, F., Heinze, H.-J., & Mishkin, M. (2001). Brain activity evidence for recognition without recollection after early hippocampal damage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 8101-9106.
Duzel, E., Yonelinas, A. P., Mangun, G. R., Heinze, H.-J., & Tulving, E. (1997）. Event-related brain potential correlates of two states of conscious awareness in memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94, 5973-5978.
Gardiner, J. M. (1988). Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory and Cognition, 16, 309-313.
Gardiner, J. M., & Gregg, V. (1997). Recognition memory with little or no remembering: Implications for a detection model. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 474-479.
Gardiner, J. M., & Java, R. I. (1990). Recollective experience in word and nonword recognition. Memory and Cognition, 18, 23-30.
Gardiner, J. M., Java, R. I. & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1996). How level of processing really in£uences awareness in recognition memory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 114-122.
Gardiner, J. M., & Radomski, E. (1999). Awareness of recognition memory for Polish and English folk songs in Polish and English folk. Memory , 7, 461-470.
Gardiner, J. M., Ramponi, C., & Richardson-Klavehn, A.(1999).Response deadline and subjective awareness in recognition memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 8, 484-496.
Gregg, V. H., & Gardiner, J. M. (1994). Recognition memory and awareness: A large effect of study-test modalities on "know" responses following a highly perceptual orienting task. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 6, 137-147.
Hirshman, E., & Master, S. (1997). Modeling the conscious correlates of recognition memory: Reflections on the remember-know paradigm. Memory and Cognition, 25, 345-351.
Inoue, C., & Bellezza, F. S. (1998). The detection model of recognition using know and remember judgments. Memory & Cognition, 26, 299-308.
Jacoby, L. L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513–541.
Jacoby, L. L. (1996). Dissociating automatic and consciously controlled effects of study/test compatibility. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 32-52.
Jacoby, L. L. (1999). Ironic effects of repetition: Measuring age-related differences in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 3-22.
Jacoby, L. L., & Dallas, M. (1981). On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General., 110, 306-340.
Jacoby, L. L., Woloshyn, V., & Kelley, C. (1989). Becoming famous without being recognized: Unconscious influences of memory produced by dividing attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General., 118, 116-125.
Johnson, M. K., De Leonardis, D. M., Hashtroudi, S., & Ferguson, S. A. (1995). Aging and single versus multiple cues in source monitoring. Psychology and Aging, 10, 507-517.
Johnson, M. K., Nolde, S. F., Mather, M., Kounios, J., Schacter, D. L., & Curran, T. (1997). The similarity of brain activity associated with true and false recognition memory depends on test format. Psychological Science, 8, 250-257.
Jones, G. V. (1987). Independent and exclusivity among psychological processes: Implications for the structure of recall. Psychological Review, 94, 229-235.
Jones, T. C. (2005). Study repetition and the rejection of conjunction lures. Memory, 13, 499-515.
Jones, T. C., & Atchley, P.(2002). Conjunction error rates on a continuous recognition memory test: Little evidence for recellection. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 374-479.
Jones, T. C. & Jacoby, L. L. (2001). Feature and conjunction errors in recognition memory: Evidence for dual-process theory. Journal of Memory and Language, 45, 82-102.
Jones, T. C., & Jacoby, L. L.(2005). Conjunction errors in recognition memory: modality-free errors for older adults but not for young adults. Acta Psychologica, 120, 55-73.
Jones, T. C., Jacoby, L. L. & Gellis, L. A. (2001）. Cross-Modal feature and conjunction errors in recognition memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 44,131-152
Karis, D., Fabiani, M., & Donchin, E. (1984). "P300" and memory: Individual differences in the von Restorff effect. Cognitive Psychology, 16, 177-216.
Kroll, N. E. A., Knight, R. T., Metcalfe, J., Wolf, E. S., & Tulving, E. (1996). Cohesion failure as a source of memory illusioins. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 176-196.
Lampinen, J. M., Odegard, T. N., & Neuschatz, J. S. (2004). Robust recollection rejection in the memory conjunction paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 332-342.
Mandler, G. (1980). Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review, 87, 252–271.
Mandler, G., Pearlstone, Z., & Koopmans, H. S. (1969). Effects of organization and semantic similarity on recall and recognition. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 410-423.
Mantyla, T. (1997). Recollections of faces: Remembering di¡erences and knowing similarities. Journal of experimental psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 23, 1203-1216.
Musen, G., & Squre, L. R. (1993). Implicit learning of color-word associations using a stroop paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning ,Memory and Cognition, 19, 789-798.
Odegard, T. N., & Lampinen, J. M. (2004). Memory conjunction error for autobiographical events: More than just familiarity. Memory, 12, 288-300.
Paller, K. A. & Kutas, M. (1992). Brain potentials during memory retrieval provide neurophysiological support for the distinction between conscious recollection and priming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 375-391.
Paller, K. A., Kutas, M., & McIsaac, H. K. (1995). Monitoring conscious recollection via the electrical activity of the brain. Psychological Science, 6, 107-111.
Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory and Cognition, 21, 89-102.
Rajaram, S. (1996). Perceptual effects on remembering: Recollective processes in picture recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 22, 365-377.
Ranganath, C., & Paller, K. A. (1999). Frontal brain potentials during recognition are modulated by requirements to retrieve perceptual details. Neuron, 22, 605-613.
Reinitz, M. T., & Demb, J. B. (1994). Implicit and explicit memory for compound words. Memory and Cognition, 22, 687-694.
Reinitz, M. T., & Hannigan, S. L. (2001). Effects of simultaneous stimulus presentation and attention switching on memory conjunction errors. Journal of Memory and Language, 44, 206-219.
Reinitz, M. T., & Hannigan, S. L. (2004). False memories for compound words: Role of working memory. Memory and Cognition, 32, 463-473.
Reinitz, M. T., Lammers, W. J., & Cochran, B. P. (1992). Memory-conjunction errors: Miscombination of stored stimulus features can produce illusions of memory. Memory and Cognition, 20, 1-11.
Reinitz, M. T., Morrissey, J., & Demb, J. (1994). Role of attention in face encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1, 161-168.
Reinitz, M. T., Verfaellie, M. & Milberg, W. P. (1996). Memory conjunction errors in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 286-299.
Roediger, H. L. (1996). Memory illusions. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 76-100.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814.
Rubin, S. R., Petten, C. V., Glisky, E. L. & Newberg W. M. (1999). Memory conjunction error s in younger and older adults: event-related potential and neuropsychological data. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16, 459-488.
Rugg, M. D. (1990). Event-related brain potentials dissociate repetition effects of high and low-frequency words. Memory and Cognition, 18, 367-379.
Rugg, M. D., Allan, K., & Birch, C. S. (2000）. Electrophysiological evidence for the modulation of retrieval orientation by depth of study processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 664-678.
Rugg, M. D., & Doyle, M. C. (1992). Event-related potentials and recognition memory for low- and high-frequency words. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 69-79.
Rugg, M. D., & Doyle, M. C. (1994). Event-related potentials and stimulus repetition in direct and indirect tests of memory. In H.-J.Heinze, T. F. Munte, & G. R. Mangun (Eds.), Cognitive Electrophysiology (pp. 124-148). Boston: Birkhauser.
Rugg, M. D., & Nagy, M. E. (1989). Event-related potentials and recognition memory for words. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 72, 395-406.
Rugg, M. D., Schloerscheidt, A. M. & Mark, R. E. (1998). An electrophysiological comparison of two indices of recollection. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 47-69.
Rugg, M. D., & Yonelinas , A. P.(2003). Human recognition memory: a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 313-319.
Senkfor, A. J., & Van Petten, C. (1998). Who said what? An event-related potential investigation of source and item memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 1005-1025.
Smith, M. E. (1993). Neurophysiological manifestations of recollective experience during recognition memory judgments. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 1-13.
Snodgrass,J.G., & Corwin,J. (1988). Pragmatics of Measuring Recognition Memory: Applications to Dementia and Amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 34-50.
Stark, C. E. L., & Squire, L. R. (2003). Hippocampal damage equally impairs memory for single items and memory for conjunctions. Hippocampus, 13, 281-292.
Tendolkar, I., Schoenfeld, A., Golz, G., Fernández, G., Kühl, K. P., Ferszt, R., & Heinze, H. J. (1999). Neural correlates of recognition memory with and without recollection in patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Neuroscience Letters, 263, 45-48.
Toth, J. P. (1996).Conceptual automaticity in recognition memory: Levels of processing e¡ects on familiarity. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 123-138.
Treisman, A., & Schmidt, H. (1982). Illusory conjunctions in the perception of objects. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 107-141.
Trott, C. T., Ritter, W., Fabiani, M., & Snodgrass, J. G. （1999). Episodic priming and memory for temporal source: Event-related potentials reveal age-related differences in prefrontal functioning. Psychology and Aging, 14, 390-413.
Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving, & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of Memory ( pp. 381-403). New York: Academic Press.
Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford University Press.
Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology , 26, 1-12.
Wagner, A. D., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1998). On the relationship between recognition familiarity and perceptual fluency: Evidence for distinct mnemonic processes. Acta Psychologica, 98, 2–3.
Wilding, E. L. (1999). Separating retrieval strategies from retrieval success: An event-related potential study of source memory. Neuropsychologia, 37, 441-454.
Wilding, E. L., & Rugg, M. D. (1996). An event-related potential study of recognition memory with and without retrieval of source. Brain, 119, 889-905.
Wilding, E. L., & Rugg, M. D. (1997). An event-related potential study of memory for words spoken aloud or heard. Neuropsychologia, 35, 1185-1195.
Yonelinas, A. P., Dobbins, I., Szymanski, M. D., Dhaliwal., H. S., & King, L. (1996). Signal-detection, threshold, and dual-process models of recognition memory: ROCs and conscious recollection. Consciousness and Cognition, 5, 418–441.
Yonelinas, A. P., & Jacoby, L. L. (1995). The relation between remembering and knowing as bases for recognition: Effects of size congruency. Journal of Memory and Language, 34, 622-643.
Yonelinas, A. P., & Levy, B. J. (2002). Dissociating familiarity from recollection in human recognition memory: Different rates of forgetting over short retention intervals. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 575-582.

指導教授

鄭仕坤(Shi-Kun Cheng)

審核日期

2006-7-20

推文