單光子放射顯微系統之校正與螺旋重建

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邑瑪儒(Enette Mae C. Revilla) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

單光子放射顯微系統之校正與螺旋重建
(System Calibration and Helical Reconstruction of Single Photon Emission Microscope)

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摘要(中)

本論文以單光子放射顯微鏡(SPEM)作為影像擷取系統，進行此系
統的幾何校正方法及螺旋掃描重建演算法的開發。SPEM 為單光子放
射電腦斷層掃描儀(SPECT)的分支，其系統設計包含了七針孔準直儀、
碘化銫閃爍晶石、光影像縮倍管(DM tube)與電子增益電荷耦合元件
(EMCCD)，目的在獲取高空間解析度之投影及斷層掃描重建影像。
在斷層掃描系統中，為了獲得好的重建影像，最重要的關鍵是建
立精確的影像系統矩陣，即 H 矩陣。我們利用系統的幾何校正與成
像模型來建立 H 矩陣。為了取得七針孔 SPEM 系統的幾何架構，我
們將 99mTc 注入三點射源假體作 64 個投影影像，用來估計系統的幾
何參數，包括針孔位置、旋轉軸(AOR)的參數、以及相機與位移平台
間的線性和旋轉位移。而格點掃描實驗用來將量測的點響應函數
(PRFs)轉成二維高斯參數，並利用 PRFs 建立成像模型，包含通量與
寬度模型。而藉由幾何參數與成像模型可以建立出完整的 H 矩陣。
另一方面，為了改善圓形軌跡重建時的軸向模糊，並增加取樣完
整性及解析度，實驗中以旋轉平台及線性位移平台同時動作來達成螺
旋掃描軌跡，並重新設計 H 矩陣的排列方式，搭配最大可能性之期
望值最大化演算法來進行影像重建。

摘要(英)

The single photon emission microscope (SPEM) is an instrument
which is developed in order to acquire high spatial resolution single photon
emission computer tomography (SPECT) projection images which are
necessary for tomographic reconstruction. The SPEM system consists of a
thallium-doped cesium iodide [CsI(Tl)] columnar scintillator, a 7-pinhole
collimator, a demagnifying tube (DM Tube) and an electron-multiplying
charge-coupling device (EMCCD).
For any imaging system, it is crucial to have an accurate imaging
system matrix, called H matrix, in order to obtain high spatial resolution
image reconstructions. In order to generate the H matrix, geometric
calibration and the established imaging model are used. In order to get the
geometry of the 7-pinhole SPEM system, a three-point phantom filled with
99mTc pertechnetate liquid solution is rotated in order to acquire 64
projections. The geometry of the camera, including the pinhole positions,
the parameters of the axis of rotation and the linear and rotary shifts are
estimated by getting the centroids of the projections. The grid-scan
experiment is used to parameterize the measured point response functions
(PRFs) into 2D Gaussians. These PRFs is used to create the imaging model
which consists of flux and width models. By having the geometric
parameters and the established imaging model, the complete H matrix can
be built.
In this paper, a helical reconstruction algorithm is developed in order
to lessen axial blurring brought by circular-orbit reconstructions and thus,
improve sampling and increase resolution. The helical orbit is
vii
accomplished through the combination of circular motion and linear
motion of the imaged object along the axis of rotation (AOR). The
projection images of the three-point phantom and resolution phantom are
reconstructed with the H matrix of the designed system. The image
reconstruction software tool is based on the maximum likelihood algorithm
and its ordered-subset version. Correction of the designed H matrix is
being explored in order to produce better reconstruction images.

關鍵字(中)

★ 單光子放射顯微鏡(SPEM)
★ 幾何校正
★ 成像模型
★ 螺旋

關鍵字(英)

★ Single photon emission microscope (SPEM)
★ Geometric calibration
★ Imaging model
★ Helical

論文目次

Table of Contents
Chinese Abstract v
Abstract vii
Acknowledgement ix
List of Figures... xx
List of Tables… xxv
Chapter 1 – Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation and Background 1
1.2 Research Objective 2
1.3 Scope of the Thesis 3
Chapter 2 – Research Background 5
2.1 Nuclear Medicine Imaging 5
2.1.1 Positron Emission Tomography 6
2.1.2 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography 8
2.1.2.1 Helical SPECT 10
2.1.3. Single Photon Emission Microscope (SPEM) 11
2.2 Collimator… 13
2.3 Gamma Detector 15
2.3.1 Semiconductor Detector 15
2.3.2 Scintillation Detector 17
Chapter 3 – System Calibration Methods for the SPEM System 21
3.1 System Matrix of a Linear Digital-Imaging System 21
3.2 System Calibrations 24
3.2.1 Geometric Collinear Projection Model 24
3.2.2 Preliminary Calibration by Geometrical Optics 25
3.2.3 Geometric Calibration 28
3.2.4 Grid-Scan Experiment 31
3.2.5 Pinhole Axis Estimation 32
3.2.6 Imaging Model 34
3.3 Maximum-Likelihood Reconstructions 36
3.3.1 Maximum-Likelihood Expectation Maximization (ML-EM) 37
3.3.2 Ordered-Subsets Expectation Maximization (OS-EM) 39
3.3.3 Helical Reconstruction Algorithm 40
3.4 Instrument Control Kernel 44
Chapter 4 – Experiments and Results 51
4.1 System Components 51
4.2 Geometric Calibration Experiment 53
4.3 Grid-Scan Experiment 60
4.4 Imaging Model 74
4.4.1 Flux Model 74
4.4.2 Width Model 78
4.4.3 Generation of H Matrix 82
4.5 Image Reconstruction Results 84
4.5.1 Three-point Source Reconstruction 84
4.5.2 Point-Rods Reconstruction 90
4.5.3 Resolution Phantom Reconstruction 93
4.6 Discussion 96
Chapter 5 – Conclusion and Research Prospect 104
5.1 Conclusion 104
5.2 Future Work 106
References… 108

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指導教授

陳怡君(Yi-Chun Chen)

審核日期

2018-8-10

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