亞熱帶水庫漂浮性及附著性異營細菌的生 產力、豐度、與單位生長率之動態與調控

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姓名	艾琳娜(Eleanor S. Austria) 查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	國際研究生博士學位學程
論文名稱	亞熱帶水庫漂浮性及附著性異營細菌的生產力、豐度、與單位生長率之動態與調控 (DYNAMICS AND CONTROLS OF FREE-LIVING AND ATTACHED HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIAL PRODUCTION, ABUNDANCE AND SPECIFIC GROWTH RATES IN A SUBTROPICAL RESERVOIR)
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摘要(中)	摘要在一個營養鹽限制的亞熱帶淡水系統11年研究中，漂浮性與附著性異營細菌生產力、細菌豐度與個體生長率的動態變化受到溫度與營養供應物質變化的影響。溫度有顯著正面影響細菌生產力在特別的時空尺度上（每小時，季節性，年間，與十年間週期），但影響程度亦受到營養物質供應的修正。在氣溫逐漸變暖和變冷的季節裡，漂浮性與附著性細菌兩者對於溫度的反應不同，暖季時漂浮性細菌生產力會減緩對於溫度反應程度，實驗室的操控實驗結果顯示了這可能是受到來自碳、氮、磷等基礎物質供應的個別或共同限制。此外，細菌生產力的時間變化上顯示了極端氣候會影響漂浮性與附著性細菌的動態，因為來自強烈颱風的強降雨改變了顆粒態有機物質與磷酸鹽的分布，且附著性細菌受益於此要比漂浮性來的多。前人的研究顯示了兩種不同生活型態的細菌對於有機物質的利用有不同的方式，且對於環境控制因子的反應也有所不同，故附著性細菌在此狀況下可能佔有總細菌生產力的主要地位。這在對於評估有機物質的微生物處理過程產生重要的影響。關鍵字: 異營性細菌, 營養鹽限制, 颱風, 顆粒態有機碳, 實驗室操控實驗, 漂浮性細菌與附著性細菌
摘要(英)	An 11- year investigation of the free-living and attached bacterial production, abundance and specific growth rates in a mineral-limited, subtropical freshwater system revealed large variability in the dynamics that is influenced by temperature and substrate availability. Temperature has a significant positive effect on bacterial production at several spatial and temporal (hours, seasonal, interannual and decadal) scales; but the effect is modified by the availability of substrate. Free-living and attached bacteria showed dissimilar response to temperature shifts (increasing and decreasing temperature) with a decline in free-living BP during the warmest months. This may be brought about by the limitation and co-limitation with carbon, nitrogen and phosphates that was confirmed during the laboratory manipulation experiments. In addition to thehourly, seasonal, interannual and decadal controls of bacterial production, it was also revealed that episodic events can influence the dynamics of free-living and attached bacteria. Heavy precipitation from strong typhoons caused changes in the dynamics of particulate organic compounds and phosphate which benefitted the attached more than the free-living bacteria. The previously reported dissimilar abilities of the two bacterial lifestyles to process organic matter and the observed dissimilar response to environmental controls showed how the attached bacteria can dominate the total production. This can have important consequences on the assessment of microbial processing of organic matter.
關鍵字(中)	★ 異營性細菌 ★ 營養鹽限制 ★ 颱風 ★ 顆粒態有機碳 ★ 實驗室操控實驗 ★ 漂浮性細菌與附著性細菌	關鍵字(英)	★ heterotrophic bacteria ★ mineral-limited ★ typhoon ★ POC ★ free-living and attached bacteria ★ laboratory manipulation
論文目次	Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction........... 1 Chapter 2. Multi-scale variability of free-living and attached bacterial production, abundance and turnover rates in a subtropical freshwater system 7 2.1. Introduction 7 2.2. Methodology. 9 2.2.1. Study area and sampling methodology 9 2.2.2 Laboratory analysis of environmental parameters... 9 2.2.3 Laboratory analysis of bacterial variables.... 10 2.2.4. Data processing and statistical analysis.. 11 2.3. Results.... 13 2.3.1. Environmental conditions in the study area 13 2.3.2. Spatial and seasonal profile of environmental variables.. 14 2.3.3. Spatial variability in the dynamics and control of free-living and attached bacteria 16 2.3.4. Interannual variability in environmental and bacterial variables. 22 2.3.5. Seasonal control of free-living and attached bacteria.. 27 2.4. Discussion... 35 2.4.1. Dynamics and controls of bacteria abundance..... 36 2.4.2. Influence of temperature on attached bacteria 37 2.5. References...... 39 Chapter 3: Response of free-living and attached bacteria to temperature shifts (increasing and decreasing temperature) in a subtropical freshwater system 42 3.1. Introduction...... 43 3.2. Methodology.... 45 3.3. Results 45 3.3.1. Environmental variables and bacterial dynamics during shift up and shift down. 45 3.3.2. Effect of temperature shifts and substrate supply on bacterial variables 50 3.4. Discussion..... 54 3.4.1. Temperature control of attached activity rates 54 3.5. Conclusion 57 3.6. References 59 Chapter 4: Effects of temperature manipulation and nutrient enrichment on bacterial production and specific growth rates in laboratory 61 4.1. Introduction.. 62 4.2. Methodology 62 4.2.1. Study area and field measurements... 62 4.2.2. Temperature manipulation experiments 63 4.2.3. Nutrient enrichment experiments. 64 4.2.4. Temperature-nutrient interaction experiments 65 4.2.5. Laboratory analyses. 65 4.2.6. Statistical and Data analyses.. 66 4.3. Results.. 68 4.3.1. Temperature manipulation experiments (TME). 68 4.3.2. Results of nutrient enrichment experiment (NEE). 72 4.3.3. Results of the combined TME-NEE 83 4.4. Discussion. 84 4.5. Conclusion 88 4.6. References. 89 Chapter 5: The impacts of extreme weather events on the dynamics of the attached and free-living bacteria in a subtropical reservoir 90 5.1. Introduction 91 5.2. Methodology 94 5.2.1. Description of the study site.. 94 5.2.2. Typhoon period in the study area 95 5.2.3. Sampling 95 5.2.4. Laboratory analysis of environmental variables 96 5.2.5. Laboratory analysis of bacterial variables 96 5.2.6. Data handling and statistical analysis. 97 5.3. Results... 98 5.3.1. Environmental conditions during the typhoon period 99 5.3.2 Bacterial dynamics during strong and weak typhoon period.. 101 5.4. Discussion.... 103 5.4.1. Consequences of increasing typhoon intensity and increased attached bacterial activity....103 5.5. References. 107 Chapter 6: Conclusions .....110
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指導教授	夏復國林殿順(Fuh-Kwo Shiah Andrew Lin)	審核日期	2018-6-26
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