慢顆粒流之輸送帶實驗與影像分析

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姓名

彭子軒(Arthur Perng) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

慢顆粒流之輸送帶實驗與影像分析
(Slow Granular Flow in the Conveyor Belt Experiment And Image Analysis)

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摘要(中)

顆粒體是指一群獨立且不會相互發生化學變化的固體粒子。而顆粒流為描述一群顆粒體分散於水或空氣之兩相流的運動。本實驗使用輸送帶設備運載顆粒體，將其上之顆粒體運轉至穩定均勻流的條件觀察慢顆粒流，並運用用Voronoï影像法以期得到全區域之流場。研究目的為除了可以瞭解微觀上粒子的型態，並希望能與巨觀上顆粒整體之行為做一關連。
本研究主要探討如何從數位攝影機取得連續圖檔，並舉一組資料為例子，分別說明如何得到單張之顆粒位置、多張顆粒位置之比對、進而得到速度剖面圖與擾動速度關係圖，並說明程式執行中如何刪去錯誤比對以及最佳化的過程，得到具統計意義之物理量。最後，再說明如何利用Voronoï鄰邊關係得到dd值；其與速度擾動量相關，並從中發現孔洞擴散平衡模式，此與Rouse輸砂理論裏的懸浮載平衡公式有異曲同工之妙。

摘要(英)

Focusing on the details of particle motions and patterns, the present experimental study examines the behaviour of slow granular flows. Steady uniform free surface shear flows of dry grains are generated in a tilting flume equipped with a conveyor belt. Granular positions close to the transparent flume sidewall are extracted from digital images. The Voronoï diagram is then used both to track particles over successive frames and to characterise the patterns formed by neighbouring grains. Specifically, quantitative estimates for the strength of velocity fluctuations and for the density of lattice defects are obtained.
Overall, both the macro- and microscopic kinematics of the frictional flow are found to be controlled by the speed of the conveyer belt. On a microscopic scale, lattice defects and velocity fluctuations are found to be positively correlated with each other. Profiles of defect density over the flow depth suggest that three competing effects are at play: 1) static disruptions of crystalline arrangement close to the bottom due to the conveyer belt geometry; 2) gravitational pull of the granular assembly towards a state of close packing; 3) diffusive downwards infiltration of voids originating from the agitated free surface. After subtraction of effect 1), the measured profiles strikingly mirror the curves of the Rouse theory of suspended sediment transport.

關鍵字(中)

★ 慢顆粒流
★ 影像分析
★ 型態分析
★ 孔洞擴散

關鍵字(英)

★ slow granular flow
★ pattern analysis
★ void diffusion
★ Rouse theory of suspended sediment transport
★ particle tracking velocimetry

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
符號表 X
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 名詞解釋 4
1.3.1 慢顆粒流 4
1.3.2 Voronoï diagrams 5
1.3.3 粒子溫度 6
1.4 論文架構 7
第二章文獻回顧 9
2.1 顆粒流的實驗配置 9
2.1.1滾筒試驗 9
2.1.2 振動床試驗 10
2.1.3 傾斜式瀉槽試驗 11
2.1.4 循環式水槽試驗 11
2.1.5輸送帶試驗 11
2.1.6其他 12
2.2顆粒流的追蹤 12
2.3 VORONOÏ 介紹與應用 14
2.3.1何謂Voronoï 14
2.3.2 Voronoï之歷史 17
2.3.3 Voronoï在影像處理之應用 18
第三章實驗規劃與方法 21
3.1實驗規劃 21
3.2 實驗設備 23
3.3 實驗方法與步驟 25
3.3.1 動態實驗 25
3.3.2 靜態實驗 28
第四章資料處理與影像法 29
4.1 影像檔之前置作業 29
4.2 決定單張圖之顆粒位置 33
4.3兩張連圖顆粒之比對 34
4.4篩選機制 38
4.5 束限寬帶法 40
4.6 DD分佈圖 43
第五章結果與討論 47
5.1巨觀-速度場的探討 47
5.1.1 速度剖面圖 47
5.1.2 剪應變率之關係 51
5.2 微觀-擾動速度與DD值 53
5.2.1 慢顆粒流之速度擾動量 53
5.2.2 粒子溫度 57
5.2.3 DD值 59
5.3 DD值所蘊含的物理現象 64
5.3.1 孔洞傳輸模型 65
5.3.2 輸送帶幾何條件之背景值 66
5.3.3 Ro參數與孔洞擴散動平衡 69
第六章結論與建議 73
6.1結論 73
6.2建議 74
參考文獻 75
【中文部份】 75
【英文部份】 75

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指導教授

周憲德、卡艾瑋
(Hsien-Ter Chou、Herve Capart)

審核日期

2002-7-11

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