博碩士論文 105326025 詳細資訊




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姓名 李怡潔(Li, Yi-Chieh)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 環境工程研究所
論文名稱 運用TNT 修飾活性碳電極避免電容去離子 系統有機物積垢
(Reduction of organic fouling in capacitive deionization by TNT modified activated carbon electrode)
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摘要(中) 電容去離子技術(capacitive deionization, CDI)為新興海水淡化技術,透過施加低電壓,使擁有儲存離子之能力,並移除施加電壓後即可進行脫附,於水再生領域已是未來發展的趨勢之一。廢污水經生物處理後之出流水,尚包含二級程序未能完全處理之有機物質,然而有機物質會堵塞奈米碳材電極裡之孔洞以導致去離子效果不佳。故本研究開發奈米鈦管(titanate nanotube, TNT)修飾活性碳電極(TNTAC electrode),透過CDI技術降低水中離子濃度,加上奈米鈦管之電催化效果,於CDI去除離子的同時降低有機物的堵塞。研究中分別利用Ti wt.%為3、5與10 wt.%的TNTAC電極進行去離子試驗,其為5 wt.% Ti含量時,複合電極有最佳的去離子效果。此外,比較水熱溫度120、150與180°C所製備之TNTAC,以150°C製備之TNTAC電極具有最佳的處理效果。接著針對黃腐酸與NaCl混合水樣進行重覆去離子試驗,結果顯示本研究所製備之5-TNTAC-150電極,重覆使用可達9次之多,且去離子效能與吸附黃腐酸之能力皆優於活性碳電極,經X射線光電子能譜(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) 測定重複使用後的電極表面C1s化學態之組成變化,得知TNTAC電極不僅能在吸附黃腐酸之同時,卻不造成電極阻塞,有效降低有機物對電極結垢之問題。
摘要(英) Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rising technology for water desalination. CDI is based on the electrosorption of ions onto the electrical double layer (EDL) of electrode surface which formed by applying low voltage, and the desorption is processed easily by removing voltage. There has been a dearth of research about the CDI performance when there is organic compounds in wastewater for reuse. The biologically treated still contains dissolved organic matter (DOM) which cannot be treated completely by the secondary process, and it will block the pores of carbon nano-material and make poor deionization efficiency.
The titanate nanotube (TNT) modified activated carbon electrode (TNTAC electrode) has been developed in this study to reduce the adverse effect which is from organic compounds in aqueous solution. In this study, TNTAC electrodes with 5 wt.% of Ti and hydrothermal temperature of 150°C has the best deionization efficiency. The adsorption-desorption has been carried out for the mixture of fulvic acid and NaCl. The results show that the TNTAC electrode prepared in this study can be reused up to 9 times, and both the deionization efficiency and the ability of fulvic acid adsorption are superior to the activated carbon electrode. The composition of the chemical state for the surface of electrode after reuse is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the TNTAC electrode may decompose fulvic acid and limit the fouling of electrode at the same time, and effectively extend the working time of electrodes.
關鍵字(中) ★ 電容去離子
★ 天然有機物質
★ 電極阻塞
★ 奈米鈦管
★ 黃腐酸
關鍵字(英) ★ capacitive deionization
★ natural organic matter
★ fouling
★ titanate nanotube
★ fulvic acid
論文目次 ABSTRACT II
摘要 IV
誌謝 V
Content VII
List of Figures X
List of Tables XIII
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objective 3
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Capacitive deionization system (CDI) 5
2.1.1 Theory of electric double layer 6
2.1.2 Semi-batch system 8
2.1.3 Affecting factors in CDI system 11
2.2 Electrode in CDI 12
2.2.1 Activity carbon electrode 13
2.2.2 TiO2 nano-material decorated activity carbon electrode 13
2.3 Titanate nanotube (TNT) 14
2.3.1 Application of titanate nanotube 14
2.3.2 Fabrication of titanate nanotubes 15
2.4 The effect of dissolved organic matter in CDI system 19
CHAPTER III. MATERIALS AND MTHODS 22
3.1 Preparation of titanate nanotube/activity carbon (TNTAC) 22
3.1.1 Pretreatment of activated carbon 22
3.1.2 Synthesis of titanate nanotube/activity carbon (TNTAC) 22
3.2 Characterization of TNTAC 23
3.3 Fabrication of electrodes of CDI 27
3.4 Removal of FA and NaCl via CDI 29
3.5 Analysis of NaCl and fulvic acid 30
3.6 Data analysis 35
3.6.1 Adsorption amount 35
3.6.2 Adsorption kinetic model 35
CHAPTER IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 38
4.1 Characterization of electrode materials 38
4.1.1 Morphological characterization of AC and TNTAC 38
4.1.2 Specific surface area and pore size distribution analysis 44
4.1.3 Functional groups on AC and TNTAC 50
4.1.4 XRD analysis 51
4.2 Effects of preparation of electrode on CDI 52
4.2.1 Optimization of the Ti wt.% on electrode 53
4.2.2 Optimal synthesis temperature of the TNTAC 57
4.2.3 The change of the conductivity and the concentration of ions 61
4.2.4 Electrochemical characterization of optimal TNTAC electrode 63
4.3 Effects of fulvic acid on deionization in CDI 65
4.3.1 FA in CDI with TNTAC electrodes 65
4.3.2 CDI performance in FA/NaCl solution 67
4.3.3 Reusability of electrode 71
4.4 Characterization of used electrodes 74
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 83
5.1 Conclusion 83
5.2 Suggestion 84
APPENDIX 85
REFERENCES 92
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指導教授 秦靜如(Ching-Ju Chin) 審核日期 2019-1-17
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