多都卜勒氣象雷達反演之垂直速度的 剖風儀驗證及高解析度三維風場反演 能力的測試

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陳奕安(Yi-An Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

大氣科學學系

論文名稱

多都卜勒氣象雷達反演之垂直速度的剖風儀驗證及高解析度三維風場反演能力的測試
(Verification of multiple-Doppler-radar derived vertical velocity using profiler data and high resolution examination over complex terrain)

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摘要(中)

本研究運用兩個剖風儀觀測(UHF和L-band)驗證垂直速度的準確性，所選取的個案為2017年9月12日至13日的泰利颱風及2018年7月10日的瑪麗亞颱風，使用三維變分方法發展的多都卜勒風場反演系統(WInd Synthesis System using DOppler Measurement，簡稱WISSDOM) 加入一個S-band雷達(五分山雷達)及兩個C-band雷達(桃園機場及中央大學的雷達)來反演垂直速度。結果顯示，WISSDOM所反演的垂直速度和剖風儀所量測的相當吻合，且WISSDOM和L-band剖風儀垂直指向的模式所觀測到的垂直速度有最高的相關性及最小的方均根誤差，此WISSDOM反演的結果總體而言相較North (2017)等人在Oklahoma利用ARM雷達網驗證的研究來得好。
此外，為了提升WISSDOM在垂直速度的反演能力，將L-band剖風儀所觀測的風場設定750公尺的影響範圍並利用高斯分布的權重同化進WISSDOM中，首先利用UHF剖風儀進行此方法的風場驗證，結果顯示加入剖風儀後能有效改善WISSDOM在較低高度的風場，並且發現加入剖風儀後影響不僅在半徑750公尺內，實質可影響整個模式網格，使用桃園機場雷達進行風場驗證，結果顯示WISSDOM同化L-band剖風儀風場後能提升和桃園機場雷達徑向風的相關性並降低誤差，證明此同化方法能確切改善WISSDOM的風場。
　　最後，測試WISSDOM在高解析度(100公尺)於複雜地形上的風場反演能力，本項為OSSE實驗，假定兩座雷達於模式外進行反演測試，首先針對高解析度無明顯地形區域進行測試，發現WISSDOM能將風場良好的反演出來，再來將區域移置陽明山進行複雜地形測試，結果顯示WISSDOM也能反演出於複雜地形上高解析度的風場結構。

摘要(英)

The retrieval of vertical velocity using Doppler radar data always contains large uncertainty. In this study the quality of the vertical velocity retrieved by a 3DVar-based multiple-Doppler wind analysis system named WISSDOM (WInd Synthesis System using DOppler Measurement) is investigated. Data from one S-band (RCWF) radar and two C-band radars (RCTP and NCU) in northern Taiwan are utilized.
The accuracy of the vertical velocity from WISSDOM is examined using two profilers (L-band and UHF) observations. The inter-comparison shows that WISSDOM-derived vertical velocity agrees reasonably well with the profiler data. The highest correlation and the smallest RMSD (Root-Mean-Square Deviation) take place when comparing against the L-band profiler data obtained under vertical beam scanning mode. The WISSDOM-derived results are generally better than those reported in a previous study using ARM scanning radar network in Oklahoma.
The winds from the L-band profiler are also merged into WISSDOM, resulting in an overall improvement of the three-dimension wind field at low levels. UHF and RCTP are applied to verify the accuracy of the method. It is shown that WISSDOM assimilating the L-band can reduce RMSD and enhance correlation with UHF and RCTP. The result suggests that the method can get better three-dimension wind field.
Finally, WISSDOM retrieved wind field in different terrain with high resolution (100m) is tested. A true wind field is simulated by WRF and two virtual radars are put outside the domain in an OSSE experiment. Both the domain set in a plain and in a mountain show that WISSDOM can retrieve a well-organized wind field.

關鍵字(中)

★ 三維變分方法發展的多都卜勒風場反演系統
★ 剖風儀

關鍵字(英)

★ WISSDOM
★ Profiler

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要........................................................................................................................... I
英文摘要...........................................................................................................................II
致謝.................................................................................................................................III
目錄..................................................................................................................................V
表目錄............................................................................................................................ VI
圖目錄........................................................................................................................... VII
第一章緒論.....................................................................................................................1
1.1前言.........................................................................................................................1
1.2文獻回顧.................................................................................................................2
1.3論文架構.................................................................................................................5
第二章剖風儀觀測與研究方法 ...................................................................................6
2.1剖風儀簡介.............................................................................................................6
2.2雷達觀測資料.........................................................................................................7
2.2.1五分山雷達(中央氣象局)............................................................................7
2.2.2中央大學雷達……......................................................................................8
2.2.3桃園機場雷達………..................................................................................8
2.3雷達資料品質控管與處理.....................................................................................9
2.4多都卜勒雷達風場合成.......................................................................................10
2.5定量校驗垂直速度方法.......................................................................................15
2.5.1方均根誤差(RMSE) ..................................................................................15
2.5.2相對方均根誤差(RRMSE)........................................................................16
2.5.3空間相關係(SCC) .....................................................................................16
第三章實驗設計 .........................................................................................................17
3.1 個案簡介 ..........................................................................................................17
3.1.1泰利颱風(2017)..........................................................................................18
3.1.2瑪莉亞颱風(2018)......................................................................................18
3.2 WISSDOM設定.................................................................................................19
3.3 WRF設定............................................................................................................19
3.3.1模式初始化與背景場................................................................................20
3.4校驗方法.............................................................................................................20
3.4.1時間............................................................................................................21
3.4.2高度............................................................................................................21
3.4.3空間............................................................................................................22

第四章校驗結果 .........................................................................................................23
4.1 校驗流程............................................................................................................23
4.2 泰利颱風(2017)..................................................................................................24
4.3 瑪莉亞颱風(2018)..............................................................................................25
4.4 結果比較............................................................................................................26
4.5 討論……............................................................................................................27
第五章同化方法及結果 .............................................................................................28
5.1同化方法...........................................................................................................28
5.2同化結果...........................................................................................................29
5.2.1 U風場........................................................................................................29
5.2.2 V風場........................................................................................................30
5.2.3 W風場.......................................................................................................30
5.3校驗同化方法...................................................................................................31
5.3.1 UHF剖風儀校驗.......................................................................................31
5.3.2 桃園機場雷達校驗...................................................................................32
第六章高解析度虛擬實驗...........................................................................................33
6.1虛擬實驗步驟...................................................................................................33
6.2模式設定...........................................................................................................34
6.3平原地區...........................................................................................................35
6.4高山地區...........................................................................................................36
第七章結論及未來展望...............................................................................................37
7.1 垂直速度校驗..................................................................................................37
7.2 剖風儀同化......................................................................................................38
7.3 虛擬實驗..........................................................................................................39
7.4未來展望...........................................................................................................40
參考文獻.........................................................................................................................41
附表.................................................................................................................................45
附圖.................................................................................................................................46

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指導教授

廖宇慶(Yu-Chieng Liou)

審核日期

2019-8-15

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